2000年以来的渭河流域实际蒸散发时空格局分析

干旱区地理 ›› 2016, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (2): 327-335.

2000年以来的渭河流域实际蒸散发时空格局分析

董晴晴¹, 占车生², 王会肖¹, 王飞宇^2,3, 朱明承¹, 牛存稳⁴

1 北京师范大学水科学研究院, 北京 100875;
2 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室, 北京 100101;
3 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
4 中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室, 北京 100038

收稿日期:2015-11-07 修回日期:2016-01-25 出版日期:2016-03-25
通讯作者: 占车生(1975-), 男, 湖北黄冈人, 副研究员, 主要从事流域水循环模拟研究. Email: zhancs@igsnrr.ac.cn
作者简介:董晴晴(1990-), 女, 山东滨州人, 硕士生, 主要从事蒸散发数据同化研究. Email: dongqingqing@mail.bnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41371043, 51209224, 41271003)

Spatio-temporal patterns of actual evapotranspiration in the Weihe River Basin since 2000

DONG Qing-qing¹, ZHAN Che-sheng², WANG Hui-xiao¹, WANG Fei-yu^2,3, ZHU Ming-cheng¹, NIU Cun-wen⁴

1 College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
2 Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
4 State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of River Basin Water Cycle, Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China

Received:2015-11-07 Revised:2016-01-25 Online:2016-03-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于MOD16遥感蒸散发产品, 利用降雨径流资料和全球陆面蒸散发估算数据集(MTE)进行精度评价, 通过空间建模、趋势分析、标准差法分析了渭河流域2000-2013年实际蒸散发(ET)的年际和年内时空格局变化, 探讨了不同土地利用类型下实际蒸散发的差异性变化特征. 结果表明：(1)2000-2013年间渭河流域年ET呈缓慢增加趋势, 年际波动较大, 空间上呈北低南高的趋势, 多年平均蒸散发为509.8mm. (2)年内ET呈单峰型分布, 季节性变化明显, 主要集中在5～9月份, 最高和最低值分别出现在8月和1月; (3)渭河流域ET变化趋势呈减少、基本不变、增加的区域面积分别占14.9%, 24.7%和60.4%, 年际波动程度整体呈现中度波动. (4)不同土地利用类型ET的分布总体上林地的年ET均值最高, 草地、农田和城镇次之, 裸地最低.

关键词: 实际蒸散发, MOD16, 土地利用类型, 时空格局变化

Abstract: Evapotranspiration(ET), the sum of evaporation from soil and transpiration from vegetation, is of vital importance in the hydrologic cycle and governs the water cycle and energy transport among the biosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere as a controlling factor. Accurately estimating evapotranspiration is related to issues of climate change, water resources management, crop yield estimation, environmental protection, etc. In recent years, with the development of water resources and ecological problems, particularly the urgent requirement of quantitative water management, quantitative research and pattern analysis of evapotranspiration has important practical significance in rid and semi-arid regions. In this paper, based on MOD16 evapotranspiration product, which were first validated with rainfall, runoff data and global land surface evapotranspiration estimates datasets (MTE), the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of actual evapotranspiration(ET)in the Weihe River Basin during 2000-2013 and the differences for evapotranspiration under different land use types were analyzed with the methods of spatial modeling, trend analysis and standard deviation analysis. The results are as follows: (1)The annual ET showed a slow upward trend and large fluctuations during 2000-2013, with the mean annual ET being 509.8mm. The spatial distribution of mean annual ET was generally high over the south of the Weihe River Basin, but low in the north.(2)The monthly ET showed a unimodal pattern with obvious seasonal difference. It is mainly concentrated from May to September, and its peak and bottom value occurred in August and January, respectively.(3)The areas with evapotranspiration trends of decreased, unchanged, increased accounted for 14.9%, 24.7% and 60.4%, respectively. The characteristics of stability presented moderate.(4)The overall distribution of ET was related to land use types, with forest land being the highest, followed by grassland, farmland and towns, bare being the lowest. Besides, the change reasons of spatiotemporal pattern of ET and the comparison with existing researches were analyzed. The fact that the actual ET lags behind the changes of temperature and precipitation is influenced by various meteorological factors such as the solar radiation, wind speed, relative humidity, soil moisture, vegetation, etc. The impact of human activities on ET mainly lies in the change of land use and cover types, and the accompanying changes of vegetation and soil conditions. The quantitative research of human activities impact still need to be further discussed. This paper investigated the spatial and temporal change in evapotranspiration, explored the reasons for the changes, and is of great significance for the rational exploitation of water resources, improvement of resource utilization and protection of watershed ecological health.

Key words: actual evapotranspiration, MOD16, land use types, spatio-temporal variation

中图分类号:

P426.2

董晴晴, 占车生, 王会肖, 王飞宇, 朱明承, 牛存稳. 2000年以来的渭河流域实际蒸散发时空格局分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2016, 39(2): 327-335.

DONG Qing-qing, ZHAN Che-sheng, WANG Hui-xiao, WANG Fei-yu, ZHU Ming-cheng, NIU Cun-wen. Spatio-temporal patterns of actual evapotranspiration in the Weihe River Basin since 2000[J]. , 2016, 39(2): 327-335.

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