不同厚度下稳态颗粒流的基底摩擦系数研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.491

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基底摩擦系数对于颗粒流灾害的流动特征至关重要，而波动力是颗粒流与基底相互作用的有效反馈，可能会影响基底摩擦系数的变化。使用斜槽型物理模型试验查明了不同厚度下稳态颗粒流的流动特征，通过三分量力传感器直接测量基底切向力和法向力并获取基底波动力和基底摩擦系数。结果表明：（1）颗粒流在不同厚度下，均表现出了明显的分层特征。当颗粒流厚度达到3 cm时，颗粒流的流动结构发生了变化，底部颗粒间形成了嵌合结构并促进了剪胀现象的产生，但未观察到颗粒流在1 cm和2 cm厚度下表现出嵌合结构和剪胀现象。（2）通过对颗粒流的波动力进行归一化处理，得出归一化切向和法向波动力均随着颗粒流厚度的增大呈指数型减小趋势，表明基底波动力的强弱与颗粒流厚度直接相关。（3）随着颗粒流厚度的增大，其基底波动力与基底摩擦系数之间的关系由负相关转变为正相关，并且颗粒流厚度的增大能显著增强颗粒间的碰撞频率和强度，使颗粒间的动摩擦力显著提升，颗粒与基底的动摩擦力明显减弱。颗粒与基底动摩擦力的减弱会促进颗粒间嵌合结构的产生，并发生剪胀现象，最终造成颗粒流基底波动力和基底摩擦系数的显著减弱。

关键词: 颗粒流, 流动特征, 基底波动力, 基底摩擦系数, 颗粒流厚度

Abstract:

The base friction coefficient is crucial to the flow characteristics of particle flow disasters, and the fluctuation force is an effective feedback of the interaction between the particle flow and the base, which may affect the variation of the base friction coefficient. The flow characteristics of steady-state particle flow at different thicknesses were identified through inclined trough physical model tests. The tangential and normal forces of the base were directly measured using a three-component force sensor, and the base fluctuation force and base friction coefficient were obtained. The results show that (1) The particle flow exhibits obvious stratification characteristics at different thicknesses. When the particle flow thickness reached 3 cm, the flow structure of the particle flow changed, a chimeric structure was formed between the bottom particles and promoted the occurrence of shear swelling phenomenon; however, no chimeric structure and shear swelling phenomenon were observed in the particle flow thicknesses of 1 cm and 2 cm. (2) By normalizing the fluctuation force of the particle flow, it is concluded that both the normalized tangential and normal fluctuation forces decrease exponentially with the increase in particle flow thickness, indicating that the strength of the base fluctuation force is directly related to the particle flow thickness. (3) As the particle flow thickness increases, the relationship between the base fluctuation force and the base friction coefficient changes from negative correlation to positive correlation, and the increase in the particle flow thickness can significantly enhance the collision frequency and intensity between particles, thereby significantly increasing the dynamic friction force between particles and weakening the dynamic friction force between particles and the base. The weakening of the dynamic friction force between particles and the base promotes the formation of chimeric structures between particles and causes shear swelling, ultimately resulting in a significant reduction in the base fluctuation force of the particle flow and the base friction coefficient.

Key words: granular flow, flow characteristics, base fluctuation force, base friction coefficient, particle flow thickness

段钊, 郭磊, 吴延斌, 宋昆, 张舜鑫. 不同厚度下稳态颗粒流的基底摩擦系数研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2026, 49(7): 1347-1359.

DUAN Zhao, GUO Lei, WU Yanbin, SONG Kun, ZHANG Shunxin. Base friction coefficient of steady-state particle flow under different thickness[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2026, 49(7): 1347-1359.

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颗粒流厚度/cm	准静止层		密集层		惯性层
颗粒流厚度/cm	最大流速/m·s^-1	流动特征	最大流速/m·s^-1	流动特征	最大流速/m·s^-1	流动特征
1	0.05	颗粒与基底碰撞较频繁	0.15	颗粒间运动以翻跃为主	0.40	颗粒间运动以翻跃和碰撞为主
2	0.10	颗粒与基底接触由点转面	0.25	颗粒间运动以翻跃为主	0.70	颗粒间运动以翻跃和碰撞为主
3	0.13	颗粒运动趋于静止	0.35	颗粒间碰撞作用增强，剪胀现象出现	0.90	颗粒间的碰撞更为剧烈，开始出现表面波动
4	0.15	颗粒运动趋于静止	0.38	颗粒间碰撞小幅度增强	0.95	表面波动增强
5	0.16	颗粒运动趋于静止	0.40	颗粒间碰撞小幅度增强	0.98	表面波动增强