察布查尔县土壤碳氮磷钾垂直分布规律研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以察布查尔县1 191~2 656 m不同海拔草原土壤为研究对象，研究有机质（外加热法，10.18~74.3 3 mg·kg^-1）、全氮（自动凯氏定氮仪，0.17~2.6 g·kg^-1）、碱解氮（扩散法，14.9 7~198.72mg·kg^-1）、磷元素（钼锑抗比色法，全磷：0.12~0.76 g·kg^-1、速效磷：20.7 4~153.64 mg·kg^-1），钾元素（火焰光度计法，全钾：9.81~18.64 g·kg^-1、速效钾：659.05~1 001.45 mg·kg^-1）含量垂直分布特征。结果表明碳、氮、磷、钾均随土层深度的增加而降低；除钾元素外碳、氮、磷随海拔高度的增加而上升；相关性分析结果显示，0~20 cm土层中，海拔高度与碱解氮呈正极显著性相关（p < 0.05，R=0.838^**），与土壤有机、全氮呈正显著性相关（p < 0.05，R=0.831^*、R=0.751^*）；有机质与碱解氮呈正极显著性相关（p < 0.05，R=0.988^**），与全磷呈正显著性相关（p < 0.05，R=0.726^*），20~40 cm土层中，海拔高度与有机质、碱解氮、全氮、全磷呈正相关，与速效磷、速效钾、全钾呈负相关；有机质与碱解氮、全氮成正极显著性相关（p < 0.05，R=0.867^**、R=0.970^**），碱解氮与全氮呈正极显著相关（p < 0.05，R=0.914^**），40~60 cm土层中，海拔高度与有机质、碱解氮、全磷呈正相关，与速效磷、全磷、速效钾、全钾呈负相关；有机质与碱解氮、全氮呈正极显著性相关（p < 0.05，R=0.884^**、R=0.966^**），与速效磷、全钾呈正相关，与全磷、速效钾呈负相关；碱解氮与全氮呈正极显著性相关（p < 0.05，R=0.952^**）。

关键词: 海拔高度, 土层深度, 土壤碳, 氮磷钾

Abstract: The vertical distributions of soil organic matter(Outside Heating Method, 10.1 8-74.33 g·kg^-1), total nitrogen(Kjeldahl Method, 0.17-2.6 g·kg^-1), base soluble nitrogen(diffusion method,14.97-198. 72 mg·kg^-1), phosphorus(spectro-colorimetric methods, total phosphorus:0.12-0.76 g·kg^-1, available phosphorus:20.74-153.64 mg·kg^-1), potassium(Flare Photometer, available potassium:659. 05-1 001.45 mg·kg^-1, total potassium:9.81-18.64 g·kg^-1)at the altitude from 1 191 to 2 656 m in Qapgal County, Xinjiang, China were analyzed. The results showed all the nutrient indexes were decreased as the soil depth got increased and the differences were significant at different soil layers. Except potassium, all other indexes were increased as the latitude gets increased. The correlation analysis showed that, in the soil of 0 to 20 cm depth, there was a significant positive correlation between the altitude and the available phosphorus(p < 0.05,R=0.838^**), and also a significant positive correlation between the altitude and the soil organic matter and total nitrogen(p < 0.05,R=0.831^*, R=0.751^*). There was a significant positive correlation between soil organic matter and base soluble nitrogen(p < 0.05,R=0.988^**) and positive correlation between soil organic matter and total phosphorus(p < 0.05,R=0.726^*). In the soil of 20 to 40 cm depth, the altitude was positively correlated with organic matter, base soluble nitrogen, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and negatively correlated with potassium, available potassium, available phosphorus. The soil organic matter was correlated positively and significantly with base soluble nitrogen and total nitrogen(p < 0.05,R=0.867^**,R=0.970^**) and base soluble nitrogen was positively correlated with total nitrogen (p < 0.05,R=0.914^**). In the soil of 40 to 60 cm depth, the altitude was positively correlated with organic matter, base soluble nitrogen, total phosphorus, and negatively correlated with total potassium, available potassium, available phosphorus and total phosphorus. The soil organic matter was correlated positively and significantly with base soluble nitrogen and total nitrogen(p < 0.05, R=0.884^**, R=0.966^**) and positively correlated with total potassium and available phosphorus, but negatively correlated with total phosphorus and available potassium(p < 0.05,R=0.914^**). Base soluble nitrogen was positive extremely correlated with total nitrogen(p < 0.05,R=0.952^**).

Key words: altitude, soil depth, soil carbon, soil nutrient N,P,K

中图分类号:

S153.6.1

赛牙热木·哈力甫, 宋瑞清, 艾克拜尔·伊拉洪, 阿不都赛买提·乃合买提, 迪里努尔·艾力, 米日尼沙·买买提明. 察布查尔县土壤碳氮磷钾垂直分布规律研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(3): 582-591.

HALIPU Saiyare, SONG Rui-qing, YILAHONG Aikebaier, NAIHEMAITI Abudusaimaiti, AILI Dilinuer, MAIMAITIMING Mirinisha. Vertical distribution of soil nitrogen, phosphor and potassium in Qapgal County[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(3): 582-591.

参考文献

[1] KNAUBER W R,KROTZKY A J,SCHINK B. Gradient gel electrophoretic characterization of humic substance and of bound residues of the herbicide bentazon[J]. Soi Biol Biochem, 1998, 30(7):969-973.
[2] 张旭辉,李恋卿,潘根兴,等. 不同轮作制度对淮北白浆土团聚体及其有机碳的积累与分布的影响[J].生态学杂志,2001,20(2):16-19.[ZHANG Xuhui, LI Lianqing, PAN Genxing, et al. Effect of different crop rotation systems on the aggregates and their SOC accumulation in paludalfs in North Huai region[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2001,20(2):16-19.]
[3] ASHLEY M K,GRANT M,GRABOV A. Plant responses to potassium deficiencies:A role for potassium transport proteins[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany,2006,57(2):425-436.
[4] 李明峰,董云社,齐玉春,等. 温带草原上地利用变化对土壤碳氮含量的影响[J]. 中国草地,2005,27(1):1-6.[LI Mingfeng, DONG Yunshe, QI Yuchun, et al. Effect of land_use change on the contents of C & N in temperate grassland soils[J]. Grassland of China,2005,27(1):1-6.]
[5] 张宏伟. 土壤速效氮磷钾空间异质分布及影响因素分析[D]. 天津:天津工业大学,2016.[ZHANG Hongwei. Analysis on the spatial distribution and impact foctors of soil available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium:A case study in middle of Heilongjiang Province[D]. Tianjing:Tianjin Industrial University,2016.]
[6] 杨玉海,陈亚宁,李卫红,等. 伊犁河谷不同植被带下土壤有机碳分布[J]. 地理学报,2010,65(5):605-612.[YANG Yuhai, CHEN Yaning,LI Weihong,et al. Soil organic carbon distribution of different vegetation 65 typesin the Ili River valley[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,2010,(65):605-612.]
[7] 李赟,贾宏涛,董自红,等. 新疆伊犁地区土壤有机碳储量估算[J].新疆农业大学学报,2008,31(1):64-66.[LI Bing,JIA Hongtao,DONG Zihong,et al. Estimation of organic carbon storage of Ili Prefecture,Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,2008,31(1):64-66.]
[8] 阿依努尔·卡吾拉洪,艾克拜尔·伊拉洪,阿布都卡哈尔·阿布都卡迪尔,等. 新疆典型草原灰漠土有机碳垂直变化规律研究[J].新疆农业科学, 2013,50(4):674-681.[KAWULAWULAHOMGAyinuer, YILAHONG Aikebaier, ABUDUKADIR Abudukahar, et al. Study on the vertical changes of organic carbon in typical grassland desert grey soil in Xinjiang,China[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2013,50(4):674-681.]
[9] 周李磊,朱华忠,钟华平,等. 新疆伊犁地区草地土壤容重空间格局分析[J]. 草业学报.2016.25(1):64-75.[ZHOU Lilei,ZHU Huazhong, ZHONG Huaping, et al. Spatial analysis of soil bulk density in Ili,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2016,25(1):64-75.]
[10] 王婧. 伊犁草原黑钙土理化特征及质量评价研究[D]. 乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2014.[WANG Jing. Study on the physicochemical characteristics and quality assessment of steppe chernozems in Ili[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University,2014.]
[11] 比买热木·阿不都艾海提.伊犁典型草原黑钙土腐殖质-矿物复合体的垂直分布规律研究[D]. 乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学, 2012.[ABUDUAIHAITI Bimairemu. The research on the vertical distribution of Ili typical chernozem Humus-Mineral complexes[D]. Urumqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University,2012.]
[12] 顾爱星,范燕敏,武红旗,等. 天山北坡退化草地土壤环境与微生物数量的关系[J]. 草业学报,2010,19(2):116-123.[GU Aixin,FAN Yanmin,WU Hongqi,et al. Relationship between the number of three main microorganisms and the soil environmentof degraded grassland on the north slope of the Tianshan Mountains[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2010,19(2):116-123.]
[13] 艾尼·库尔班. 我区退化草地的治理措施[J]. 新疆畜牧业, 2006,(2):62-64.[KURBAN Aini. About the controlling policy on the deteriorated grassland in Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Stockbreeding,2006,(2):62-64.]
[14] 马鹏,李志忠. 新疆伊犁察布查尔县农业生态系统服务价值变化分[J].亚热带水土保持,2010,22(4):31-35.[MA Peng,LI Zhizhang Analysis on the variation of agro-ecosystan service value at Qapqal County of Ili City Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region[J].Subtropical Soil and Water Conservation,2010,22(4):31-35.]
[15] 鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析[M]. 3版. 北京:中国农业出版社, 2000:25-109.[BAO Shidan. Soil and plant analysis[M]. 3ed edition.Beijing:Agricultural Press of China,2000:25-109.]
[16] BATJES N H. Total carbon and nitrogen in soils of the world[J]. European Journal of Soil science,1996, 47:151-163.
[17] 王绍强,刘纪远,于贵瑞. 中国陆地土壤有机碳蓄积量估算误差分析[J]. 应用生态学报,2003,14(5):797-802.[WANG Shaoqiang,LIU Jiyuan,YU Guirui. Error analysis of estimating terrestrial soil organic carbon storage in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2003,14(5):797-802.]
[18] 张凤杰,乌云娜,杨宝灵,等. 呼伦贝尔草原土壤养分与植物群落数量特征的空间异质性[J]. 西北农业学报,2009,18(2):173-177+183.[ZHANG Fengjie, WU Yunna, YANG Baolin, et al. The research on the spatial heterogeneity of the soil nutrient and the quantitative properties of plant communities in Hulunbeier steppe[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica, 2009,18(2):173-177+183.]
[19] 张伟,陈洪松,王克林,等. 典型喀斯特峰丛洼地坡面土壤养分空间变异性研究[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(1):68-73.[ZHNG Wei,CHEN Hongsong,WANG Kelin,et al. Spatial variability of soil nutrients on hillslope in typical Karst Peak-Cluster depression areas[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2008,24(1):68-73.]
[20] 王燕,刘苑秋,曾炳生,等. 江西大岗山常绿阔叶林土壤养分特征研究[J]. 江西农业大学学报,2010,32(1):96-100.[WANG Yan,LIU Wanqiu,CENG Bingsheng,et al. A study on soil nutrient characteristics of evergreen broad-leaved forests in Dagangshan Mountain[J]. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis, 2010,32(1):96-100.]
[21] 李耀,卫智军,刘红梅,等. 不同放牧制度对典型草原土壤中全磷和速效磷的影响[J]. 内蒙古草业,2010,22(1):4-6.[LI Yao, WEI Zhijun,LIU Hongmei,et al. Effect of different grazing treatment on the soil total potassium and available phosphorus in typical steppe[J]. Inner Mongolia Prataculture,2010,22(1):4-6.]
[22] 曲均峰,李菊梅,戴建军,等. 长期单施NK肥条件下几种典型土壤磷的演化型土壤磷的演化[J]. 生态环境,2008,17(5):2068-2073.[QU Junfeng,LI Jumei,DAI Jianjun,et al. Phosphorus changes of several typical soils under long-term single nitrogen and potassium fertilization[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2008,17(5):2068-2073.]
[24] 干友民,李志丹,泽柏,等. 川西北亚高山草地不同退化梯度草地土壤养分变化[J]. 草业学报,2005,14(2):38-42.[GAN Youmin,LI Zhidan,ZE Bai,et al. The changes of grassland soil nutrition at different degradation subalpine meadow of north-west in Sichuan[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2005,14(2):38-42.]
[25] 孙卫国,王艳荣,赵利清,等. 在典型草原放牧退化过程中土壤环境质量的变化研究[J]. 内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版), 2006,37(3):304-307.[SUN Weiguo,WANG Yanrong,ZHAO Liqing,et al. A study on the change of soil environment characterin the process of degradation for typical steppe[J]. Journal of Inner Mongolia University(Natural Science Edition),2006,37(3):304-307.]
[26] 周俊,邴海健,吴艳宏,等. 贡嘎山燕子沟土壤磷海拔梯度特征及影响因素[J].山地学报,2016,34(4):385-392.[ZHOU Jun, BING Haijian, WU Yanhong, et al. Variations in soil Pbiogeochemistry and its impact factors along an attitudinal gradient in the Yanzigou, eastern slope of the Gongga Mountain[J]. Mountain Research,2016,34(4):385-392.]
[27] TADANO T, SAKAI H. Secretion of acid phosphatase by the roots of several crop species underphosphorus-deficient conditions[J]. Soil Sci Plant Nutr,1995,37(1):129-140.
[28] 张宝贵,李贵桐. 土壤生物在土壤磷有效化中的作用[J].土壤学报, 1998, 35(1):104-111.[ZHANG Baogui, LI Guitong. Roles of soil organisms on the enhancement of plant availability of soil phosphorus[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,1998,35(1):104-111.]
[29] 董艳红,王火焰,周健民,等. 不同土壤钾素淋溶特性的初步研究[J]. 土壤,2014,46(2):225-231.[DONG Yanhong,WANG Huoyan, ZHOU Jianmin, et al. Preliminary study on potassium leaching characteristics of different soils[J]. Soils,2014,46(2):225-231.]
[30] 富强,刘晓坤,任跃英. 不同海拔高度下林下参生长区域内土壤养分变化规律分析[J]. 人参研究,2016,28(2):17-18.[FU Qiang,LIU Xiaokun,REN Yueying. Analysis on the changing regularity of soil nutrient in under forest wild ginseng region of different altitude[J]. Ginseng Research,2016,28(2):17-18.]
[31] 张巧明,王得祥,龚明贵,等. 秦岭火地塘林区不同海拔森林土壤理化性质[J]. 水土保持学报,2011,25(5):69-73.[ZHANG Qiaoming, WANG Dexiang, GONG Minggui, et al. Changes in physicochemical properties of forest soil along different altitudes in Huoditang of Qinling Mountains[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,25(5):69-73.]
[32] CHAPIN F S Ⅲ, MATSON P A, MOONEY H A. Principles oI terrestrial ecosystem ecology[M]. New York:Springer Verlag, 2002:198-200.
[33] GENTILE R,VANLAUWE B,SIX J. Litter quality impactsshortbut not long-term soil carbon dynamics in soilaggregate fractions[J]. Ecological Applications,2011,21(3):695-703.
[34] 信忠保,余新晓,张满良,等. 黄土高原丘陵沟壑区不同土地利用的土壤养分特征[J]. 干旱区研究,2012,29(3):379-384.[XIN Zhongbao,YU Xinxiao,ZHANG Manliang,et al. Soil nutrient characteristics under different land usetypes in a Gully-hilly region of the Loess Plateau[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2012, 29(3):379-384.]
[35] 杨俊东. 彭山泽泻质量与土壤理化性质现状及其相关性的研究[D].成都:四川农业大学,2012.[YANG Jundong. Study on the actuality of the quality about fllisnta(Sam.)juzep and the soil physicochemical property in pengshan and their relationship[D]. Chengdu:Sichuan Agricultural University,2012.]
[36] 苏永中,赵哈林,张铜会. 几种灌木、半灌木对沙地土壤肥力影响机制的研究[J]. 应用生态学报,2002,13(7):802-806.[SU Yongzhong, ZHAO Halin, ZHANG Tonghui. Influencing mechanism of several shrubs and subshrubs on soil fertility in keerqinSandy Land[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2002, 13(7):802-806.]