基于MM5/CALPUFF的乌鲁木齐市“煤改气”工程大气污染物浓度空间变化数值模拟

干旱区地理 ›› 2017, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1): 165-171.

基于MM5/CALPUFF的乌鲁木齐市“煤改气”工程大气污染物浓度空间变化数值模拟

祝婕, 都伟新, 马俊英, 董楠, 蔺尾燕, 邓文叶

新疆环境保护科学研究院, 新疆环境污染监控与风险预警重点实验室, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830011

收稿日期:2016-10-09 修回日期:2016-12-19 出版日期:2017-01-25
通讯作者: 邓文叶,女,博士,研究员.Email:510416799@qq.com
作者简介:祝婕(1987-),女,新疆哈密市,硕士,工程师,研究方向:大气污染排放清单、大气污染源解析等.Email:xjhkyzj@163.com
基金资助:
2016年环保厅本级财政专项《乌鲁木齐市PM_2.5分级控制对策》；国家地区基金项目（41465008）

Spatial changes of air pollutants distributions before and after the “coal to gas” project in Urumqi based on numerical simulation with MM5 and CALPUFF Models

ZHU Jie, DU Wei-xin, MA Jun-ying, DONG Nan, LIN Wei-yan, DENG Wen-ye

Xinjiang Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Risk Warning, Xinjiang Academy of Environmental Protection Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China

Received:2016-10-09 Revised:2016-12-19 Online:2017-01-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 运用MM5/CALPUFF模型，模拟“煤改气”工程前后不同情境下分析乌鲁木齐市供热企业采暖期间主要大气污染物浓度及分布空间变化的变化。依照环境普查和环境统计数据，以燃煤锅炉排放数据为依据，选择空气质量模型CALPUFF进行情景设计模拟。通过预测，以燃煤量>1 000 t·a^-1及所有供热企业为排放源，SO₂、NO_x日均浓度分别下降66.85%、91.53%，年均浓度分别下降73.89%、81.03%，对PM_2.5、PM₁₀浓度改善效果有限。“煤改气”项目的实施，使大型采暖锅炉能源结构发生了根本性改变，乌鲁木齐市大气污染类型已由煤烟型向机动车尾气混合型转化。不同区域降幅存在着差异，污染物年均消减市南区 < 市中区 < 市北区。

关键词: 煤改气工程, 大气污染物, CALPUFF, 情景预测

Abstract: In this paper, the MM5/CALPUFF model was used to simulation the coal combustion pollutants emission and their spatial distribution before and after the Urumqi "Coal to Gas" project. Two scenarios were set based on Urumqi local energy structure adjustment project:one is taking the heating enterprises as the only emission source in 2010 and 2014, and the other is taking the enterprises in which the coal consuming was more than 1 000 tons/year and all the heating enterprises as the emission sources in 2010 and 2014. Prediction of the environmental air quality was conducted during the heating period (October-March). The results show that, in situation one, the daily concentration of SO₂, NO_x, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 fell by 92.44%, 97.52%, 90.56% and 88.80%, respectively, and the annual average concentration fell by 74.66%, 94.93%, 89.50% and 92.31% respectively. This indicates that after the project, the heating enterprise emissions concentration decreased obviously. In situation two, the daily concentration of SO₂ and NO_x fell by 66.85% and 91.53% respectively, and the annual average concentration fell by 73.89% and 81.03% respectively, the effect of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ improved finitely. According to "Xinjiang environmental quality statement (2000、2014)", annual average concentration of SO₂, NO_x and PM₁₀ in 2010 fell by 71.9%, 16.41% and -9.77%, respectively, compared with those in 2010. The measured data of SO₂ and PM₁₀ agreed well with the prediction. The reduction of NO_x was offset because the number of motor vehicles in Urumqi increased quickly in recent years. The "coal to gas" project has made radical changes in the energy structure of large heating boiler, which improved the atmospheric environment in Urumqi to a certain extent. Atmospheric pollution has changed from coal burning to mixed automobile vehicle exhaust emission. The annual amount of pollution reduction average concentrations in different districts changed greatly due to the natural causes and adjustment of the city layout. The annual amount of pollution reduction increased successively from south area (Urumqi County and Dabancheng District), middle area (Saybagh District, Tianshan District, Shuimogou District and New Urban District and Toutunhe District)to north area (Midong District). Based on the numerical simulation of MM5 and CALPUFF models, different situation models were established to study the spatial changes of characteristic pollutants distributions before and after the "Coal to Gas" project in Urumqi for the first time. The research is of great practical significance for controlling and tackling the Urumqi pollution problem.

Key words: coal to gas project, air pollutant, CALPUFF, scenario prediction

中图分类号:

X511

祝婕, 都伟新, 马俊英, 董楠, 蔺尾燕, 邓文叶. 基于MM5/CALPUFF的乌鲁木齐市“煤改气”工程大气污染物浓度空间变化数值模拟[J]. 干旱区地理, 2017, 40(1): 165-171.

ZHU Jie, DU Wei-xin, MA Jun-ying, DONG Nan, LIN Wei-yan, DENG Wen-ye. Spatial changes of air pollutants distributions before and after the “coal to gas” project in Urumqi based on numerical simulation with MM5 and CALPUFF Models[J]. , 2017, 40(1): 165-171.

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