1992-2014年普若岗日冰川和流域湖泊面积变化及原因分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于1992-2014年Landsat TM、HJ-1A/1B卫星数据和气象资料，采用卫星影像人工数字化方法计算了位于青藏高原北部的普若岗日冰川和冰川流域的湖泊面积，探讨了冰川所在区域的气象因子变化特征。结果表明：普若岗日冰川面积总体呈退缩趋势，近23 a内退缩了15.29 km²；其中，2005-2008年冰川面积有所增加，之后又进入退缩状态；将计算结果与中国冰川目录比较发现，冰川面积也处于减少趋势（21.29 km²）。近23 a位于冰川西南部的两个湖泊面积呈较显著增加趋势，以面积较小的龙尾湖湖泊面积增加尤为显著，湖泊面积增加了19.12 km²，面积较大的令戈湖湖泊面积增加了17.79 km²；位于冰川南部气象站在1992-2013年年平均气温呈显著升高趋势、降水量呈增大趋势，区域蒸发量减小，这些可能是造成研究区冰川面积退缩和湖泊面积增大的主要原因，研究结论可以作为青藏高原腹地羌塘自然保护区的气候和生态环境变化的有利参考依据。

关键词: 普若岗日冰川, 湖泊, 藏北, 面积变化

Abstract: Using the satellite dataset such as Landsat TM and HJ-1A/1B and meteorological observation data during 1992-2014,this paper calculated the coverage of Puruogangri glacier which located in the northern part of the Tibetan Plateau,China and the lakes around the glacier,along with the variation of meteorological factors based on the pixel statistical and artificial digitized methods. Results show the coverage of Puruogangri glacier increased during 2005-2008 and then shrank later,but overall presented a shrinking tendency with a retreated area of 15.29 km² during the past 23 years. The comparison between the calculation results and the catalogue of Chinese glacier expresses that the coverage decreased 21.29 km² during the same period as well. The coverage of two lakes exhibited significant increasing trend which located in the southwest part of the glacier,especially for the coverage of Longwei Lake with a small area which increased 19.12 km²,and Lingge Lake with a larger area increased 17.79 km². The mean air temperature and precipitation appear remarkable increase trend with evaporation at the meteorological stations in the southern part of the glacier decreased during 1992-2013,which might be the major reasons for the shrinking of the glacier and the expanding of the lakes. The research conclusions are beneficial for further studying the variation of climate change and ecological environment in the hinterland of Qiangtang Nature Reserve over the Tibetan Plateau.

Key words: Puruogangri glacier, lake, Northern Tibet, area change

中图分类号:

P343.6

拉巴, 格桑卓玛, 拉巴卓玛, 尤学一, 普布次仁, 德吉央宗. 1992-2014年普若岗日冰川和流域湖泊面积变化及原因分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2016, 39(4): 770-776.

LA Ba, GE Sangzhuoma, LA Bazhuoma, YOU Xue-yi, PU Buciren, DE Jiyangzong. Variation and reasons of the coverage of Puruogangri Glacier and its surrounding lakes during 1992-2014[J]. , 2016, 39(4): 770-776.

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