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干旱区地理 ›› 2016, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (3): 613-620.

• 生物与土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

盐分对胡杨(Populus euphratica)幼苗生长和离子平衡的影响

李菊艳1,3, 赵成义1, 闫映宇1, 于波4, 施枫芝2   

  1. 1 新疆维吾尔自治区水土保持生态环境监测总站, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830000;
    2 新疆生态与地理研究所绿洲生态与荒漠环境重点实验室, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011;
    3 新疆农科院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830091;
    4 新疆维吾尔自治区水文水资源局, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830000
  • 收稿日期:2015-12-01 修回日期:2016-03-12 出版日期:2016-05-25
  • 通讯作者: 赵成义,Email:zcy@ms.xjb.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:李菊艳(1982-),女,博士,研究方向为植物生理生态.Email:lijuyan_2006@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    青年科学基金项目(41401025);国家自然基金项目(41371011,U1403281);973项目(2013CB429905)

Effect of salinity on growth, ionic homeostasis in organs of Populus euphratica seedlings

LI Ju-yan1,3, ZHAO Cheng-yi1, YAN Ying-yu1, YU Bo4, SHI Ya-feng2   

  1. 1 General Station of Water and Soil Conversation and Ecoenvironmental Monitoring of Xinjiang, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China;
    2 Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology and Desert Environment, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, CAS, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China;
    3 Institute of Soil and Fertilizer & Agricultural Sparing Water, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi 830091, Xinjiang, China;
    4 The Hydrological and Water Resource Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2015-12-01 Revised:2016-03-12 Online:2016-05-25

摘要: 基于控制试验研究了盐分(NaCl)处理60 d对胡杨(Populus euphratica)幼苗生长和各器官矿质离子吸收、分布和运输的影响。结果表明:(1)盐分对幼苗生长有显著的抑制作用。与对照相比,轻度(50 mol·L-1)、中度(100 mol·L-1)和重度(200 mol·L-1)盐分处理的幼苗株高生长速率、叶面积及各器官生物量分别减小了约30%、50%和80%。幼苗通过改变生物量分配策略,提高根冠比增加对资源的获取和减少体内水分散失,以增强其耐盐性。(2)盐分改变了幼苗对离子的选择性吸收和运输。与对照相比,各盐分处理显著提高了幼苗器官对Na+和Cl-的吸收,抑制了Ca2+、Mg2+和K+由根向茎、茎向叶选择性运输、降低了幼苗器官对Ca2+,K+,Mg2+的吸收,导致器官离子平衡遭到破坏。幼苗将较多的Na+积累在叶片,增大了地上和地下的渗透势差,这是胡杨幼苗抵御盐分胁迫的一个有效方式。(3)重度盐胁迫下幼苗增强对Ca2+、Mg2+和K+的选择性运输,避免高盐胁迫对幼苗更大的伤害。

关键词: 胡杨幼苗, 盐处理, 离子平衡, 离子分布和选择性运输

Abstract: Populus euphratica, as the dominant species of the riparian forest along the Tarim River, northwest China, plays an important role in maintaining functions of the riparian ecosystem. Recent embankments along the river have altered the soil salinity condition due to water use by human or climate change, which is expected to influence regeneration of the riparian forest. To assess the potential effects of these alterations and elucidate the adaptation and endurance of P. euphratica seedlings to salinity stress, the paper examined growth performance, ionic distribution and transportation of P. euphratica seedlings across experimental soil salinity gradients.Results indicated that seedlings were limited in their growth performance, as evidenced by decreases height growth rates, leaf area and biomass across the salinity gradients. The height growth rate values in moderate (100 mol·L-1) and severe (200 mol·L-1) salinity stress achieved of approximately 50% and 20% respectively, in relation to control. In the same level of salt concentration, the order of ionic content in seedling was leaf > root > stem, leaf was the main part of ionic accumulation. Increasing salinity stress significantly elevated Na+ content and Cl- content in root and shoot tissues (stem+leaf) of P. euphratica seedlings, while K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents showed reverse trends. Similar patterns as K+ content were also observed across soil salinity gradients in K+/Na+, Ca2+/Na+, Mg2+/Na+ ratio of root and shoot. The significant decrease of SK, Na, SCa, Na and SMg, Na of mild (50 mol·L-1) and moderate (100 mol·L-1) salinity stress, and the transport and absorption of nutrients were inhibited. Under severe (200 mol·L-1) salinity stress condition, a marked drop of K+ content in root and shoot tissues upon salt accumulation and a third of K+/Na+ ratio of seedlings those under control conditions suggests that decreasing osmotic pressure of seedling, and the seedlings suffered the severe stress. However, seedlings had higher root/shoot ratio (R/S) to limit water lose, and accumulated Na+ in leaves to promote water transport and meliorate water situation of shoots. Under severe (200 mol·L-1) salinity stress, P. euphratica seedlings maintained strong Ca2+ absorption capacity in root to insure the cell membrane stability was high that effectively preventing an excessive amount of Na+ into seedling and keeping proper ion homeostasis, it was also associated with high SK, Na, of leaves to avoid further harm on seedling.

Key words: Populus euphratica seedling, salt treatment, ionic homeostasis, ionic distribution and transportation

中图分类号: 

  • S792