近15a新疆不同类型植被NDVI时空动态变化及对气候变化的响应

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了研究新疆不同类型植被对气候变化的响应,以地带性划分的植被类型作为研究对象,1998-2012年为时间尺度,利用GIS的空间分析方法结合数学统计方法,分析了新疆各地带植被覆盖变化的时空分布特征;并采用"多元回归+残差插值"的方法,模拟了气温和降水量的空间分布;利用SPOT VGT/NDVI数据以及气候数据(气温和降水量数据),分析了5个不同地带植被的动态变化、年际变化和生长季内各月变化及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明:(1)新疆各地带植被覆盖度存在着显著差异,其中,温带北部草原地带高植被区和浓密植被区的范围较广,植被覆盖度较高,而高寒荒漠地带的极低植被区占该地带面积的一半以上,且植被覆盖度最低。(2)新疆各地带植被覆盖在近15 a间呈波动增加的趋势,5个地带的植被覆盖均有所改善,其中,高寒荒漠地带和暖温带半灌木、灌木地带的植被覆盖改善较为明显,其余3个地带均有少部分地区出现轻微改善现象。(3)温带半灌木、矮乔木荒漠地带,暖温带半灌木、灌木荒漠地带和温带半灌木、灌木荒漠地带4~10月的平均气温呈上升趋势,而温带北部草原地带、高寒荒漠地带对应的平均气温则出现下降趋势。5个地带的降水量在该时段内均表现为下降趋势。(4)基于年际尺度,新疆各地带植被NDVI与气温、降水量的相关性均不显著;基于月尺度,各地带植被NDVI受降水量的影响比气温大。同时,仅有暖温带半灌木、灌木荒漠地带植被NDVI与气温存在1个月的滞后性,其余4个地带对气温和降水均不存在滞后性。

关键词: 植被地带分区, NDVI, 气候因子, 滞后效应

Abstract: In previous studies on dynamic change of vegetation cover and relations between vegetation index and climate factors, vegetation cover type rarely was considered. In this paper, Xinjiang vegetation regionalization map was used for temporal and spatial variation of vegetation cover and its relationship with climate change. According to different regional vegetation types, Xinjiang is divided into five zones based on Chinese vegetation regionalization map. Moreover, by using mean algorithm, difference method, regression, and correlation method, regional vegetation cover change in Xinjiang from 1982 to 2012 was analyzed. Spatial distribution of air temperature and precipitation was simulated through the regression analysis method combined with spatial interpolation that latitude, longitude, and elevation are considered. According to five vegetation zones, using SPOT VGT/NDVI data and climate data, the paper analyzed dynamic, interannual, and monthly vegetation cover change in growing season and its response to climate change. The results show as follows:(1)There are significant differences in vegetation coverage in different vegetation zones of Xinjiang. The distribution of a wide range of vegetation coverage is in northern temperate grassland zone. The vegetation coverage is also higher. However, the area in very low vegetation zone account for more than half in alpine desert zone, and the vegetation coverage is lowest.(2) Vegetation cover in each zone in Xinjiang has a fluctuating increase in recent 15 years. This trend is obvious in Alpine desert, warm temperate semi shrub and fruticous desert. The other three zones have slight improvement in vegetation coverage.(3)The air temperature between April and October appears rising trend in temperate subshrub dwarf tree desert zone, warm temperate semi shrub and fruticous desert, temperate subshrub desert shrubs. But it appears to decline in northern temperate grassland zone and alpine desert. Precipitation in five vegetation zones decrease during the period of study.(4) Correlation between NDVI and climate factors(temperature, precipitation)is not significant on the interannual timescale. But for monthly scale, precipitation played a bigger role on vegetation cover than that of temperature in each vegetation zone. Meanwhile, air temperature has one-month lagged impact on vegetation cover in warm temperate semi shrub and fruticous desert. However, there does not exist time lag between NDVI and climate factors in the other four vegetation zones.

Key words: vegetation zone, NDVI, climatic factors, time lag effect

中图分类号:

TP79

周梦甜, 李军, 朱康文. 近15a新疆不同类型植被NDVI时空动态变化及对气候变化的响应[J]. 干旱区地理, 2015, 38(4): 779-787.

ZHOU Meng-tian, LI Jun, ZHU Kang-wen. Spatial-temporal dynamics of different types of vegetation NDVI and its response to climate change in Xinjiang during 1998-2012[J]. , 2015, 38(4): 779-787.

参考文献

[1] 郑玉坤.多时相AVHRR-NDVI数据的时间序列分析及其在土地覆盖分类中的应用[D].北京;中国科学院遥感应用研究所,2002;1-48.[ZHENG Yukun.Time series analysis of multi-temporal AVHRR-NDVI data applied to land cover classification[D].Beijing;Institute of Remote Sensing Applications,2002;1-48.]

[2] XIN Z B,XU J X,ZHENG W.Spatio-temporal variations of vegetation cover on the Chinese Loess Plateau(1981-2006);Impacts of climate changes and human activities[M].Science in China Series D;Earth Sciences,2008,51(1);67-78.

[3] ROERINKG J,MENENTI M,SOEPBOER W,et al.Assessment of climate impact on vegetation dynamics by using remote sensing[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,PartsA/B/C,2003,28(1);103-109.

[4] JI L,PETERS A J.A spatial regression procedure for evaluating the relationship between AVHRR-NDVI and climate in the northern Great Plains[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2004,25;297-311.

[5] LI Z T,KAFATOS M.Interannual variability of vegetation in the United States and its relation to EI Nino/Southern Oscillation[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2000,71(3);239-247.

[6] ZHOU L M,TUCKER C J,KAUFMANN R K et al.Variations in northern vegetation activity inferred from satellite data of vegetation index during1981to1999[J].Journal of Geophysical Research;Atmospheres(1984-2012),2001,106(D17);20069-20083.

[7] MYNENI R B,KEELING C D,TUCKER C J et al.Increased plant growth in the northern high latitudes from1981to1991[J].Nature,1997,386(6626);698-702.

[8] 李霞,李晓兵,王宏,等.气候变化对中国北方温带草原植被的影响[J].北京师范大学学报;自然科学版,2006,42(6);618-623.[LI Xia,LI Xiaobing,WANG Hong,et al.Impact of climate change on temperate grassland in northern China[J].Journal of Beijing Normal University;Natural Science,2006,42(6);618-623.]

[9] 朴世龙,方精云.最近18年来中国植被覆盖的动态变化[J].第四纪研究,2001,21(4);294-302.[PIAO Shilong,FANG Jingyun.Dynamic vegetation cover change over the last18years in China[J].Quaternary Research,2001,21(4);294-302.]

[10] 施雅风,沈永平,胡汝骥.西北气候由暖干向暖湿转型的信号、影响和前景初步探讨[J].冰川冻土,2002,24(3);219-226.[SHIYafeng,SHENYongping,HURuji.Preliminary study on signal,impact and foreground of climatic shift from warm-dry to warm-wet in Northwest China[J].Journal of Glacialogy and Geocryology,2002,24(3);219-226.]

[11] 施雅风,沈永平,李栋梁,等.中国西北气候由暖干向暖湿转型的特征和趋势探讨[J].第四纪研究,2003,23(2);152-164.[SHI Yafeng,SHEN Yongping,LI Dongliang,et al.Discussion on the present climate change from warm-dry to warm-wet in northwest China[J].Quaternary Research,2003,23(2);152-164.]

[12] 戴声佩,张勃,王海军,等.中国西北地区植被覆盖变化驱动因子分析[J].干旱区地理,2010,33(4);636-643.[DAI Shengpei,ZhANG Bo,WANG Haiun,et al.Vegetation cover change and its driving factors over northwest China[J].Arid Land Geography,2010,33(4);636-643.]

[13] 蒲蕾,任志远.陕西省不同地区NDVI变化与气候因子的关系及响应研究[J].水土保持通报,2013,33(2);266-270.[PU Lei,REHZhiyuan.Changes in the relationship between NDVI and climatic factors and the response of different regions of Shanxi Province[J].Soil and Water Conservation,2013,33(2);266-270.]

[14] 周伟,刚成诚,李建龙,等.1982-2010年中国草地覆盖度的时空动态及其对气候变化的响应[J].地理学报,2014,1(69);15-30.[ZHOU Wei,GANG Chengcheng,LI Jianlong,et al.Spatical-temporal dynamics of grassland coverage and its response to climate change in China during1982-2010[J].Journal of Geography Science,2014,1(69);15-30.]

[15] 李震,阎福礼,范湘涛.中国西北地区NDVI变化及其与温度和降水的关系[J].遥感学报,2005,9(3);309-313.[LI Zhen,YAN Fuli,FAN Xiangtao.The variability of NDVI over northwest China and its relation to temperature and precipitation[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2005,9(3);309-313.]

[16] 宋怡,马明国.基于SPOT VEGETATION数据的中国西北植被覆盖变化分析[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(1);89-93.[SONG Yi,MA Mingguo.Study on vegetation cover change in northwest China based on Spot Vegetation data[J].Journal of Desert Research,2007,27(1);89-93.]

[17] 张佃民,刘晓云,刘速,等.新疆植被区划的新方案[J].干旱区研究,1990,(1);1-10.[ZHANG Dianmin,LIU Xiaoyun,LIU Su,et al.A new scheme of the vegetation regionalization of Xinjiang[J].Arid Zone Research,1990,(1);1-10.]

[18] 侯学煜.论中国植被分区的原则、依据和系统单位[J].植物生态学与地植物学丛刊,1964,2(2);153-186.[HOU Xueyu.Theory on the vegetation of the principle,regionalization and the system unit in China[J].Plant Ecology and Geobotanica Sinica,1964,2(2);153-186.]

[19] 潘耀忠,龚道溢,邓磊,等.基于DEM的中国陆地多年平均温度插值方法[J].地理学报,2004,59(3);366-374.[PAN Yaozhong,GONG Daoyi,DENG Lei,et al.Smart distance searching-based and DEM-informed interpolation of surface air temperature in China[J].Journal of Geographical,2004,59(3);366-374.]

[20] 赵士洞.中国植被;类型和区划-解读《中华人民共和国植被图(1:1000000)》[R/OL].[ZHAO Shidong.China vegetation;types and regionalization;interpretation of"the vegetation map of the People's Republic of China(1:1000000)"[R/OL].]

[21] 吴素芬,何文琴,胡汝骥,等.近年来新疆盆地平原区域湖泊变化原因分析[J].干旱区研究,2001,24(2);123-129.[WU Sufen,HE Wenqin,HU Ruji,et al.Analysis on the changing causes of the lakes in the basins and the plains in Xinjiang since recent years[J].Arid Zone Research,2001,24(2);123-129.]

[22] 郭铌,朱燕君,王介民,等.近22年来西北不同类型植被NDVI变化与气候因子的关系[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(2);319-327.[GUO Ni,ZHU Yanjun,WANG Jiemin,et al.The relationship between NDVI and climate elements for22years in different vegetations areas of northwest China[J].Journal of plant ecology,2008,32(2);319-327.]