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干旱区地理 ›› 2015, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 36-42.

• 气候与水文 • 上一篇    下一篇

新疆地区药用植物地理分布模式和气候特征研究

李慧1,王欢2,宋经元1,李晓瑾3,谢彩香1   

  1. (1中国医学科学院北京协和药用植物研究所中草药物质基础与资源利用教育部重点实验室, 北京100193;
    2哈尔滨商业大学, 黑龙江哈尔滨150028;3新疆中药民族药研究所, 新疆乌鲁木齐830002)
  • 收稿日期:2014-07-10 修回日期:2014-09-25 出版日期:2015-01-25
  • 通讯作者: 谢彩香(1973-),女,山东栖霞,博士研究生,副研究员,中药资源. Email:cxxie@implad.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:李慧(1988-),女,辽宁沈阳,硕士研究生,中药资源. Email:13842056641@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金(81130069)

Climatic features and geographical distribution of medicinal plants in Xinjiang

LI Hui1,WANG  Huan2,SONG  Jing-yuan1,LI  Xiao-jin3,XIE  Cai-xiang1   

  1. (1   The key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China;   2   Harbin University of Commerce,Harbin  150028, Heilongjiang, China;   3   Xinjiang Institute of Chinese and Ethnic Medicine,Urumqi  830002, Xinjiang, China)
  • Received:2014-07-10 Revised:2014-09-25 Online:2015-01-25

摘要: 植物分布与区域气候有密切关系。新疆多样性地形地貌形成各具特色的区域气候特征,孕育了丰富的药用植物资源。依据新疆地区药用植物地理分布和区域气候两方面研究药用植物地理分布模式和气候特征,基于第三次中药资源普查数据得到新疆地区甘草、紫草、麻黄、肉苁蓉、枸杞等主要中药材空间分布图,并计算相关地区的物种丰富度和多样性指数。结果显示:新疆天山山脉地区药材种类丰富度最高,是新疆野生药材主要的分布区。同时,基于ArcGIS平台将年均温、年降水量等10个气象因子数据进行空间分类,得到气候因子数值在新疆地区的空间分布。新疆地区气候特征是以天山为分界线的南疆年平均温度和活动积温明显高于北疆,原因是天山山脉的屏障作用;降水与我国内陆格局不同,新疆降水量空间分布呈现东少西多格局;新疆最具特色的两个地区:一是伊犁塔城地区气候温和,雨量充沛,药材种类繁多;二是新疆南疆的喀什地区,较高的1月份最低温保证了植物的越冬需要,是植物栽培的必要条件。

关键词: 地形地貌, 药材分布, 区域气候特征

Abstract: There are close relations between plants distribution and regional climate. Xinjiang is characterized for the various regional climate features and distinctive medicinal plants resources because of the abundant topography and landforms. The relationships between the geographical distribution pattern of medical plants and regional climate characteristics are discussed through medical plants distribution and regional climate characteristics. Based on the data of The Third Survey Of Chinese Medicine Resources,the spatial distribution of main traditional Chinese medicine plants such as Glycyrrhiza,Lithospermum,Ephedra,Cistanche,Lycium and so on is presented. According to the topography and climatic conditions. Xinjiang is divided into five regions of medicine plants as Altay,Ili,Turpan and Hami,Hotan and Kashi,Bayingolin. The paper analyzed the species richness and species diversity indices base on the climate characteristics analysis diagram the space classified of with ArcGIS. The results show that Tianshan Mountains is a major region of wild medicinal materials which has the highest species richness. In addition,the annual average temperature and accumulated temperature of southern Xinjiang is higher than that of northern Xinjiang because of to the barrier function of Tianshan Mountains and the different underlying surface in southern and northern of Xinjiang. The precipitation on western Xinjiang is more than that on eastern region,because the rainfall from the Atlantic is difficult to reach the inland of Xinjiang due to the long way and the barrier of mountains. Relative humidity has the same state as precipitation,while the average annual sunshine has the opposite trend. Two regions in Xinjiang have unique features. The first one is Ili-Tacheng Prefecture with rich wild medicine plants in Xinjiang due to a mild climate and abundant rainfall. Another region is Kashi Prefecture with the January high temperature which can ensure the medical plants to survive during the cold winter.

Key words: topography, medicinal materials distribution, regional climate characteristics

中图分类号: 

  • Q948.3(245)