天山哈密榆树沟流域春洪期水化学特征及其控制因素研究

干旱区地理 ›› 2014, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (5): 922-930.

天山哈密榆树沟流域春洪期水化学特征及其控制因素研究

王晓艳¹，李忠勤^1，2，周平¹，若孜罕·塔依尔³，高鹏³

1 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室/天山冰川站，甘肃兰州 730000；
2 西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院，甘肃兰州 730070； 3 哈密哈密水文水资源勘测局，新疆哈密 839000

收稿日期:2013-10-04 修回日期:2013-12-07 出版日期:2014-09-25
通讯作者: 李忠勤，男，研究员，博士生导师，主要从事冰川与环境方面的研究.Email：lizq@lzb.ac.cn
作者简介:王晓艳（1984-），女，山东临沂人，博士研究生，主要从事同位素水化学研究. Email：wangxiaoyan_84@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目（41471058）；国家自然科学基金面上项目（41471058）

River water chemical characteristics and controls during the spring flood period in Yushugou Bbasin，Hami，Eastern Tianshan Mountains，China

WANG Xiao-yan¹，LI Zhong-qin^1，2，ZHOU Ping¹，Ruozihan·Tayier³，GAO Peng³

1 State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Sciences/Tianshan Glaciological Station, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; 2 College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China; 3 Hami Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Bureau, Hami 839000, Xinjiang, China

Received:2013-10-04 Revised:2013-12-07 Online:2014-09-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 2013年4月26日－5月2日，逐日采集哈密榆树沟流域下游榆树沟水文站点的河水样。综合运用描述性统计、相关性分析、Gibbs图、阴阳离子三角图示法，对主要的化学离子、pH值、电导率EC、总可溶性固体TDS进行了分析。结果表明：榆树沟流域春洪期径流水体呈弱碱性；HCO₃^-、Ca²⁺是阴、阳离子中最主要的离子，Ca²⁺质量浓度占阳离子总数的74.31%，HCO₃^-质量浓度占阴离子总数的82.07%；水化学类型为HCO₃^--Ca²⁺；径流中主要离子组成、TDS、[EC、]pH值受即时径流量的调节作用不大，岩石的风化作用是水化学主要离子来源的主要控制因素，其中主要来源于石灰岩等碳酸盐岩的风化。

关键词: EC和TDS, 离子浓度, 岩石风化, 榆树沟流域

Abstract: The main ion composition of water is the indicator which can show the lithology，climate，ecological environment of the through area. This has been widely used to identify the basic process that controls the chemical composition of the water. The research about ion chemistry characteristics and spatial distribution can be used to determine the relationship of the rivers solute geochemical sources with regional natural conditions. There are very few reports about chemical characteristics and controls at Hami Yushugou Basin，Xinjiang，China. And water resource from this river is very important for production and life of Hami. An analytical study of hydrochemical characteristics and controls of the runoff during the spring flood period at Hami Yushugou Basin were carried out in this study. In order to investigate the diurnal changing characteristics of river water chemical composition，water samples were collected at Yushugou Hydrometric Station from April 26 to May 2，2013. To analyze the major chemical ions，pH，conductivity EC，total soluble solids TDS，tools including the descriptive statistics，correlation matrices，Gibbs Figure，triangular diagrams of anions and cations were employed. The results showed that the average pH value in runoff was alkaline （8.04） in spring flood period in Yushugou Basin. EC value in runoff samples ranged from 84.5 to 168.4 μS·cm^-1. Ca²⁺ was the dominant cation，and HCO₃^- was the dominant anion. The average value of TDS was 68.84 mg·L^-1，belonging to the weak water salinity. Ca²⁺ and HCO₃^- concentration account for 74.31% and 82.07％ of cations and anions，respectively. The anionic mass concentration sequence was HCO₃^->SO₄^2->Cl^->NO^3-，and that of cationic was Ca²⁺>Na⁺>Mg²⁺>K⁺. The hydrochemical type of Yushugou basin is HCO₃^--Ca²⁺. The major ion composition，TDS，EC，pH value in runoff were little affected by instant water discharge. Affected by river gradient and flow velocity，the trends of the daily average value of ion and the daied water discharge were opposite. In Gibbs chart，the ratio of hydrochemistry ion Na⁺/ （Na⁺+Ca²⁺） was less than 0.5，the scope was mainly concentrated in less than 0.2. It indicated that the major origin of ions in runoff was weathering of rocks. Based on piper trilinear monograph，in the cationic triangle，each point was near the Ca²⁺ endmember; in the anions triangle，each point was near the HCO₃^- endmember. This means that the main process controlling the water chemistry is found to be carbonate，such as Limestone，weathering. The result of correlation coefficient between ions can partly explain the source of the ions. In result，the correlation coefficient of Ca²⁺ and HCO₃^- was the largest which showed that they had the same source，the release of calcium carbonate weathering. Other ions had their same source because of the high correlation between them. The conclusion is that the rocks weathering is the main factor for controlling the hydrochemical composition in spring flood period in Yushugou basin. And in this period，the river water is the fine source of drinking water. Thus it is important to study the water chemical characteristics in this area.

Key words: EC and TDS, ionic concentration, rock weathering, Yushugou Basin

中图分类号:

P641.3

王晓艳，李忠勤，周平，若孜罕·塔依尔，高鹏. 天山哈密榆树沟流域春洪期水化学特征及其控制因素研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2014, 37(5): 922-930.

WANG Xiao-yan，LI Zhong-qin，ZHOU Ping，Ruozihan·Tayier，GAO Peng. River water chemical characteristics and controls during the spring flood period in Yushugou Bbasin，Hami，Eastern Tianshan Mountains，China[J]. , 2014, 37(5): 922-930.

参考文献

［1］ LING Hongbo，XU Hailiang，FU Jinyi，et al. Surface runoff proces- ses and sustainable utilization of water resources in Manas River Basin，Xinjiang，China［J］. Journal of Arid Land，2012，4（3）：271-280.

［2］陈亚宁，杨青，罗毅，等. 西北干旱区水资源问题研究思考［J］.干旱区地理，2012，35（1）：1-9.

［3］ YIN Zhenliang，XIAO Honglang，ZOU Songbing，et al. Simulation of hydrological processes of mountainous watersheds in inland river basins：taking the Heihe Mainstream River as an example［J］.Journal of Arid Land，2014，6（1）：16-26.

［4］ MA Lan，WEI Xiaomei，BAO Anming，et al. Simulation of groundwater table dynamics based on Feflow in the Minqin Basin，China［J］. Journal of Arid Land，2012，4（2）：123-131.

［5］朱海勇，陈永金，刘加珍，等. 塔里木河中下游地下水化学及其演变特征分析［J］. 干旱区地理，2013，36（1）：8-18.

［6］连英立，张光辉，聂振龙，等. 西北内陆张掖盆地地下水温度变化特征及主要影响因素识别［J］. 干旱区地理，2011，34（3）：391-399.

［7］郜银梁，陈军峰，张成才，等. 黑河中游灌区水化学空间变异特征［J］. 干旱区地理，2011，34（4）：575-583.

［8］ BERNER E K，BERNER R A. The global water cycle：geochemistry and environment［M］. New Jersey：Prentice-Hall，1987.

［9］ ROY B，GAILLARDET J，ALLEGRE C J. Geochemistry of dissolved and suspended loads of the Seine river，France：Anthropogenic impact，carbonate and silicate weathering［J］. Geochimicaet Ceochimica Acta，1999，63：1277-12926.

［10］ MEYBECK M. Global chemical-weathering of surficial rocks estimated from river dissolved loads［J］. American Journal of Science，1987，287（5）：401-428.

［11］ ZHANG Licheng，DONG Wenjiang. Geochemical characteristics of the river system in east China［J］. Geographical Research，1990，9（2）：67-75.

［12］ BROWN G H. Glacier meltwater hydrochemistry［J］. Applied Geochemistry，2002，17（7）：855-883.

［13］ SINGH A K，HASNAIN S I. Major ion chemistry and weathering control on a high altitude basin-Alaknanda River，Garhwal Himalaya，India［J］. Hydrological Sciences Journal，1998，43：825-844.

［14］ HODSON A，PORTER P，LOWE A，et al. Chemical denudation and silicate weathering in Himalayan glacier basins：Batura Glacier，Pakistan［J］. Journal of Hydrology，2002，262：193-208.

［15］冯芳，李忠勤，张明军，等. 天山乌鲁木齐河源区径流水化学特征及影响因素分析［J］. 资源科学，2011，33（12）：2238-2247.

［16］蒲焘，何元庆，朱国锋，等. 玉龙雪山周边典型河流雨季水化学特征分析［J］. 地理科学，2011，31（6）：734-740.

［17］周俊，吴艳宏. 贡嘎山海螺沟水化学主离子特征及其控制因素［J］. 山地学报，2012，30（3）：378-384.

［18］李翠林，侯书贵，秦大河. 天山乌鲁木齐河源径流水文化学空间差异及其控制因素［J］. 冰川冻土，2003，25（1）：72-76.

［19］骆光晓，艾力，祁先明，等. 榆树沟流域水文特征［J］. 新疆气象，2002，25（5）：19-20，37.

［20］马雪娟，骆光晓. 气候变化对榆树沟流域径流的影响分析［J］.中国水运，2009，9（10）：190-193.

［21］张洪艳，刘虹. 新疆榆树沟流域水文水资源分析［J］. 黑龙江水利科技，2011，39（5）：8-9.

ASFSDF

［23］中国科学院兰州冰川冻土研究所. 中国冰川目录（Ⅲ）-天山山区（东部散流内流区）［M］. 北京：科学出版社，1986：69-70.

［24］新疆哈密市地方志编纂委员会编. 哈密县志［M］. 乌鲁木齐：新疆人民出版社，1990.

［25］效存德，姚檀栋，秦大河，等. 青藏高原雪冰电导率与降水碱度以及大气粉尘载荷变化的关系［J］. 中国科学（D辑），2001，31（5）：362-371.

［26］皇翠兰，蒲健辰，李忠勤，等. DX100型离子色谱仪用于冰雪样品中阴、阳离子的测定［J］. 环境化学，1998，17（2）：195-199.

［27］ MITAMURA O，SEIKE Y，KONDO K，et al. First investigation of ultra-oligotrophic alpine Lake Puma Yumco in the pre-Himalaya，China［J］. Limnology，2003，4：167-175.

［28］ MURAKAMI T，TERAI H，YOSHIYAMA Y，et al. The second investigation of Lake Puma Yum Co located in the Southern Tibetan Plateau，China［J］. Limnology，2007，8：331-335.

［29］ HOPKINSON C，ENGLISH M C. Spatio-temporal variations of δ18O isotope signatures of hydrological components within a glacierised mountainous basin［C］//Proceedings of the 58th Eastern Snow Conference. Ottawa，Ontario，Canada，2001.

［30］ LIU F J，WILLIAMS M W，CAINE N. Source waters and flow paths in an alpine catchment，Colorado Front Range，United States［J］. Water Resources Research，2004，40：W09401，doi：10.1029 /2004WR003076.

［31］魏振枢. 环境水化学［M］. 北京：化学工业出版社教材出版中心，2001：82-84.

［32］ QIN J H，HUH Y，EDMOND J M，et al. Chemical and physical weathering in the Min Jiang，a headwater tributary of the Yangtze River［J］. Chemical Geology，2006，187：53-69.

［33］武小波，李全莲，贺建桥，等. 黑河上游夏半年河水化学组成及年内过程［J］. 中国沙漠，2008，28（6）：1190-1195.

［34］ GIBBS R J. Mechanisms controlling world water chemistry［J］. Science，1970，170（3962）：1088-1090.

［35］ XU H，HOU Z H，AN Z S，et al. Major ion chemistry of waters in Lake Qinghai catchments，NE Qinghai-Tibet Plateau，China［J］. Quaternary International，2010，212：35-43.

［36］ MEYBECK M. Global chemical-weathering of surficial rocks estimated from river dissolved loads［J］. American Journal of Science，1987，287（5）：401-428.

［37］陈静生. 河流水质原理及中国河流水质［M］. 北京：科学出版社，2006：10-50.

［38］ SARIN M M，KRISHNASWAMI S，DILLI K，et al. Major ion chemistry of the Ganga-Brahmaputra River system-weathering processes and fluxes to the bay of Bengal［J］. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta，1989，53（5）：997-1009.

［39］蒲焘，何元庆，朱国锋，等. 丽江盆地地表-地下水的水化学特征及其控制因素［J］. 环境科学，2012，33（1）：48-54.

［40］沈照理，朱宛华，钟佐. 水文地球化学基础［M］. 北京：地质出版社，1993：1-100.

[1]	王晓艳, 李忠勤, 蒋缠文. 天山哈密榆树沟流域地下水化学特征及其来源[J]. 干旱区地理, 2017, 40(2): 313-321.
[2]	肖捷颖, 赵品, 李卫红. 塔里木河流域地表水水化学空间特征及控制因素研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2016, 39(1): 33-40.
[3]	张毓涛，李吉玫. 新疆主要城市不同生态功能区夏季空气负离子特征[J]. 干旱区地理, 2012, 35(6): 864-874.