包头市街道灰尘重金属空间分布及生态风险

干旱区地理 ›› 2014, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 561-569.

包头市街道灰尘重金属空间分布及生态风险

韩秀凤^1，2，卢新卫¹，庞龙¹，宁小莉²

（1 陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院，陕西西安 710062；2 内蒙古科技大学包头师范学院资源与环境学院，内蒙古包头 014030）

收稿日期:2013-07-28 修回日期:2013-10-02 出版日期:2014-05-25
通讯作者: 卢新卫，博士，教授，博士生导师. Email：luxinwei@snnu.edu.cn
作者简介:韩秀凤（1977-），女，蒙古族，在读博士，副教授，主要从事区域生态环境评价研究. Email：hxf9620@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（41271510）；内蒙古自治区高等学校科学研究基金项目（NJZC13230）

Spatial distribution and ecological risk of heavy metal in street dust of Baotou City

HAN Xiu-feng^1，2，LU Xin-wei¹，PANG Long¹，NING Xiao-li²

（1 School of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, Shaanxi, China; 2 College of Resources and Environment , Baotou Normal College, Science and Technology University of Inner Mongolia, Baotou 014030, Inner Mongolia, China）

Received:2013-07-28 Revised:2013-10-02 Online:2014-05-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采集包头市街道灰尘样品，利用X-Ray荧光光谱仪测定样品中Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn和V的含量，采用ArcGIS空间分析技术研究街道灰尘重金属的空间分布规律，运用地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法，评价包头市街道灰尘重金属的污染程度及生态风险。结果表明：包头市街道灰尘中除Ni外，其他重金属元素的平均含量均高于其区域土壤背景值。街道灰尘中Co、Cr、Pb的含量是区域土壤背景值的4.0～10.7、1.8～5.8和1.5～8.7倍。灰尘中重金属元素含量的空间差异较大，Co和Cr的高值区主要分布在工业企业附近；Cu、Zn和Pb的高值区主要分布在交通流量较大的商业中心和家居建材城附近。灰尘中各重金属的污染水平依次为Co>Cr>Pb>Zn>Cu>V>Mn>Ni。Co处于中等潜在生态风险，而其他重金属均处于低潜在生态风险。灰尘中重金属总的潜在生态风险属于中等。

关键词: 街道灰尘； , 重金属； , 空间分布； , 污染评价； , 包头市

Abstract: This paper studied spatial distribution and ecological risk of heavy metals in street dust of Baotou City，Inner Mongolia，China in order to provide scientific guidance to improve the situation of heavy metal pollution of city living environment based on dust sampling and experiment analysis. The concentrations of Co，Cr，Cu，Mn，Ni，Pb，Zn and V in the street dust samples collected from Baotou City were measured by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The spatial distribution of heavy metals in the street dust was analyzed using the geostatistical analysis of ArcGIS，and the pollution level and ecological risk of heavy metals in the street dust was evaluated with geoaccumulation index and potential ecological risk index. The results show that the content range of Co，Cr，Cu，Mn，Ni，Pb，V and Zn are 39.7-105.8，103.0-327.7，16.3-77.1，408.9-894.3，16.1-43.5，28.6-162.7，58.6-103.2 and 47.2-136.4 mg/kg，respectively. The average content of Co，Cr，Cu，Mn，Pb，Zn and V are higher than that of the regional background value. The contents of Co，Cr and Pb in the street dust are 4-10.7，1.8-5.8 and 1.5-8.7 times of the background values，respectively. The spatial variability of the analyzed heavy metals is large. The higher concentrations of Co and Cr are found in the vicinity of some industries and enterprises，while the higher values of Cu，Zn and Pb are located in the business center and furniture and building materials market with the heavy traffic. Spatial distribution of Mn and V is similar; the higher value appeared in the eastern part of the study area. The content of Ni in most samples is low; the higher value appeared in the middle of the study area. Pollution level of the heavy metals in the street dust is Co>Cr>Pb>Zn>Cu>V>Mn>Ni. The mean I_geo of Co，Cr，Cu，Mn，Ni，Pb，V and Zn are 1.9，1.1，-0.02，-0.8，-0.8，1.1，-0.4 and 0.1,respectively. The mean I_geo of Co and Cr varies between 1 and 2，reveals moderate pollution. The mean [Igeo] and 58% I_geo of Cu is less than 0，means non-pollution. I_geo of Pb changes greatly，which is from light to moderate pollution. I_geo of Mn，Ni and V in most of the street dust is less than 0，showing unpolluted，only individual samples appears light pollution. The mean I_geo and 63% I_geo of Zn vary between 0 and 1，showing light pollution. The potential ecological risk index of heavy metals in street dust of Kundulun District （75.5） is higher than that of the Qingshan District （69.1）. Co in the dusts belongs to middle ecological risk，while other analyzed heavy metals belong to low ecological risk. The total potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the street dust is middle.

Key words: street dust, heavy metals, spatial distribution, pollution assessment, Baotou City

中图分类号:

X132

韩秀凤，卢新卫，庞龙，宁小莉. 包头市街道灰尘重金属空间分布及生态风险[J]. 干旱区地理, 2014, 37(3): 561-569.

HAN Xiu-feng，LU Xin-wei，PANG Long，NING Xiao-li. Spatial distribution and ecological risk of heavy metal in street dust of Baotou City[J]. , 2014, 37(3): 561-569.

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