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干旱区地理 ›› 2014, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (2): 259-264.

• 生物与土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

放归普氏野马粪便含水量及颗粒大小的季节变化及性别差异

张永军1,2,胡德夫1,季荣2,曹青3,初红军4   

  1. (1    北京林业大学自然保护区学院,濒危物种非损伤研究技术实验室, 北京    10083;    2    新疆师范大学生命科学学院,新疆特殊环境物种多样性应用与调控重点实验室, 新疆    乌鲁木齐    830046 ;    3    普林斯顿大学进化及生态学系,新泽西洲, 美国    08544;    4    阿勒泰地区林业局, 新疆    阿勒泰    836500)
  • 收稿日期:2013-07-10 修回日期:2013-10-08 出版日期:2014-03-25
  • 通讯作者: 胡德夫(1963-),男,河北人,教授,主要从事保护生物学研究. Email:hudf@ bjfu. edu. cn
  • 作者简介:张永军(1976-)男,博士研究生,讲师,主要从事动物生态学及保护生物学研究. Email:heie@sina.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目资助(30970545);国家国际科技合作计划资助(No. 2010DFA92720-20)

Seasonal variation and sex differences in fecal water content (WC) and mean particle size (MPS) of releasing Przewalski's horses

ZHANG  Yong-jun1,2,HU De-fu1,JI  Rong2,CAO  Qin3,CHU  Hong-jun4   

  1. (1   College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forest University, Non-invasive Technology Laboratory for Endangered Species, Beijing100083, China;   2   College of Life-science, Xinjiang Normal University, Key Laboratory of Species Diversity Application and Control in Xinjiang, Urumqi  830046, Xinjiang, China;   3   Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA;4   Wildlife Conservation Office of Altay Prefecture, Forestry Bureau of Altay Prefecture, Altay  836500, Xinjiang, China)
  • Received:2013-07-10 Revised:2013-10-08 Online:2014-03-25

摘要: 粪便含水量(WC)和平均颗粒大小(MPS)反映了有蹄类动物体内水份平衡状况及咀嚼效率和消化率,是有蹄类动物在特定环境中生存对策的重要体现。放归普氏野马如何适应干旱环境,是重引入项目的重要研究内容。通过采集到卡拉麦里自然保护区内春、夏、秋季共65份放归野马新鲜粪样,测定粪便含水量和粪便颗粒大小(湿筛法),并比较了这2个指标的季节和性别差异。结果表明:总体上,野马[MPS]在春季(3.98±0.08mm)显著高于夏季(3.65±0.05mm);春季头马MPS显著高于雌马(t=2.784,P=0.015),但夏、秋季两者无明显差异。春(73.17±1.05%)、夏(70.56±0.99%)、秋(68.12±0.79%)三季野马粪便[WC]依次降低,但差异不显著。头马的[WC]在春、夏、秋三季均高于雌马,在春季达极显著差异水平。研究表明:放归野马粪便[MPS]和[WC]的季节和性别差异,与环境中可用食物和水源优劣度及不同性别在家族群中承担的角色有关。

关键词: 粪便颗粒, 粪便含水量, 普氏野马, 放归, 适应

Abstract: Fecal water content (WC) and mean particle size (MPS) reflect the capacity of water balance and chewing efficiency in ungulates,which are important strategies for ungulates to survival under particular environments. How to adapt to arid environments is an important research project of Reintroduction of Przewalski’s horses. We collected totally 65 fresh feces of releasing horses during spring,summer,and autumn in the Kalamaili Nature Reserve,Xinjiang,China,and we measured the water content and particle size (wet sieving method) of these feces,then compared the seasonal and sex differences. The results show that the [MPS] was significantly higher in spring (3.98 ± 0.08 mm) than in summer (3.65 ± 0.05mm);[MPS] of the stallions was significantly higher than that of the female horses in the spring,but there were no significant differences in summer and autumn. [WC] of total horses in spring (73.17±1.05%),summer (70.56±0.99%),and autumn (68.12±0.79%) decreased gradually,but no significant difference was found. WC of stallion was higher than that of the mares in each season,and the difference was significant in the spring. This study shows that the variation in WC and [MPS] of releasing Przewalski's horses may be related to the availability of food and water sources,and may be related to their role in the population,too.

Key words: fecal particle size(MPS), fecal water content(WC), Przewalski's horses, reintroduction, adaption

中图分类号: 

  • Q958.1