绿洲土地整合是增加耕地和保护生态的重要措施——以新疆玛纳斯河流域为例

干旱区地理 ›› 2012, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 772-777.

绿洲土地整合是增加耕地和保护生态的重要措施——以新疆玛纳斯河流域为例

樊自立，禹朴家，乔木，徐海量，张鹏，张青青，傅荩仪

中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011

收稿日期:2011-10-29 修回日期:2012-02-25 出版日期:2012-09-25
通讯作者: 樊自立
作者简介:樊自立（1938-），男，研究员，从事干旱区资源环境研究
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展规划项目（973项目：2009CB421308）资助

Comprehensive improvement of cultivated land for ecological protection to agriculture in arid areas：A case of Manasi River Basin of Xinjianga

FAN Zi-li,YU Pu-jia,QIAO Mu,XU Hai-liang,ZHANG Peng,ZHANG Qing-qing,FU Jin-yi

Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang,China

Received:2011-10-29 Revised:2012-02-25 Online:2012-09-25
Contact: FAN Zili

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 保护耕地资源，“坚决守住1.2×10⁸ hm²(18亿亩)耕地红线”，是中国政府的一项基本国策。以新疆为代表的干旱区绿洲农业，近年来耕地面积增长很快，从1995-2008年均每年增加15.4×10⁸ hm²，这对抑制全国耕地面积下滑和促进新疆农业发展起了重要作用，但同时也对生态环境带来严重影响。如何在保护生态的前提下使耕地面积稳中有增，通过在玛纳斯河流域利用遥感图像解释和实际调查，提出通过绿洲内部土地综合整治，改变现土地利用中的“破碎化”程度，提高净耕地利用系数的思路；在不开荒不增加引水量情况下，耕地面积一般可增加8%~10%，而在一些土地利用规划差和管理粗放地区可增加到15%。通过土地整合使土地化零为整，还为节水灌溉、发展现代农业、实行农业规模化、集约化经营及农民致富创造了条件。

关键词: 绿洲耕地, 综合整治, 发展农业, 保护生态

Abstract: Protection of cultivated field resources and firmly defending the red line of 18 million Mus are the basic national policy of China. The Xinjiang oases are with the typical oasis agriculture. The arable land increased rapidly in recent years, which was increased 13.3×10⁴ hm²/a from 1995 to 2008. The increase in arable land plays an important role in the development of Xinjiang agricultural and inhibition of the national decrease in farmland. It also has some problems for the environment. With the permission of ecological protection, how to make a steady increase of cultivated land is a significant issue. Through the investigations and interpretation of remote sensing in the Manasi River Basin, we consider that the area of arable land can increase 8%-10% of total area through the following methods, such as comprehensive improvement of land oasis, decreasing the fragmentation level and improving the utilization coefficient. In some areas with poor land use planning and management, the extensive areas may be increased to 15%. Land consolidation can make some parts into a whole. It also create some opportunities for the watersaving irrigation, the development of modern agriculture, the implementation of largescale agriculture, the intensive management and farmers’ well to do.

Key words: cultivated Land, comprehensive improvement, agriculture improvement, ecological protectiona

中图分类号:

S127

樊自立，禹朴家，乔木，徐海量，张鹏，张青青，傅荩仪. 绿洲土地整合是增加耕地和保护生态的重要措施——以新疆玛纳斯河流域为例[J]. 干旱区地理, 2012, 35(5): 772-777.

FAN Zi-li,YU Pu-jia,QIAO Mu,XU Hai-liang,ZHANG Peng,ZHANG Qing-qing,FU Jin-yi. Comprehensive improvement of cultivated land for ecological protection to agriculture in arid areas：A case of Manasi River Basin of Xinjianga[J]. , 2012, 35(5): 772-777.