塔里木盆地西部地下水水质评价及氟化物富集特征--以阿克陶县为例

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.05.07

干旱区地理 ›› 2021, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5): 1261-1271.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.05.07

塔里木盆地西部地下水水质评价及氟化物富集特征--以阿克陶县为例

刘圣锋¹(),高柏¹(),张海阳¹,樊骅²,蒋文波¹

1.东华理工大学核资源与环境国家重点实验室/水资源与环境工程学院,江西南昌 330013
2.中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司节能环保劳卫研究所,北京 100081

收稿日期:2020-12-04 修回日期:2021-02-19 出版日期:2021-09-25 发布日期:2021-09-22
通讯作者: 高柏
作者简介:刘圣锋（1996-）,男,在读硕士研究生,主要从事地下水污染与治理研究. E-mail: 1372729482@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41162007);国家自然科学基金(41362011);江西省重点研发计划(2018ACG70023)

Evaluation of groundwater quality and fluoride enrichment characteristics in western Tarim Basin: A case study of Akto County

LIU Shengfeng¹(),GAO Bai¹(),ZHANG Haiyang¹,FAN Hua²,JIANG Wenbo¹

1. State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, School of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China
2. Energy-saving and Environmental Protection and Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute Base of China Academy of Railway Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

Received:2020-12-04 Revised:2021-02-19 Online:2021-09-25 Published:2021-09-22
Contact: Bai GAO

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究塔里木盆地西部地下水水质状况及氟化物富集特征,以阿克陶县为例,采集并分析该地区3个含水层的地下水水样。运用改进后内梅罗评价和健康风险评价模型对该地区地下水进行评估,接着研究氟化物的富集机制。结果表明：通过改进后内梅罗水质评价,可知研究区较多地下水含水层采样点水质分布在II类水和III类水之间,但也存在个别含水层水样为IV类水;经健康风险评价模型分析,氟化物和氯化物在浅层水、中层水和深层水中所引起的总体健康风险（成人：1.28×10^-6 a^-1、1.02×10^-6 a^-1和9.36×10^-7 a^-1,儿童：1.63×10^-6 a^-1、1.30×10^-6 a^-1和1.19×10^-6 a^-1）低于美国环境保护署（US EPA）推荐最大可接受风险值。浅层、中层和深层地下水水样氟化物超标率分别为57.14%、40.00%和60.00%,均值都超过限值（1.0 mg·L^-1）。研究区地下水氟化物富集具有偏向碱性、富含Na⁺、缺乏Ca²⁺的特点,岩石风化、硅酸盐矿物溶解和离子交换对氟富集起促进作用。

关键词: 水文地球化学, 氟化物, 水质评价, 塔里木盆地西部

Abstract:

To study groundwater quality and fluoride enrichment characteristics in the western Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, China, groundwater samples were collected and analyzed from three aquifers in the region, using Akto County as an example. The improved Nemerow assessment and health risk assessment model was used to evaluate local groundwater and study fluoride enrichment mechanisms. The results show that, through improved Nemerow water quality assessment, the water quality in many aquifer sampling points in the study area is distributed between types II and III, whereas some aquifer samples are type IV. Furthermore, based on risk assessment model analysis, the overall health risks posed by fluoride and chloride in shallow, medium, and deep water samples (adults: 1.28×10^-6 a^-1, 1.02×10^-6 a^-1, and 9.36×10^-7 a^-1, children: 1.63×10^-6 a^-1, 1.30×10^-6 a^-1, and 1.19×10^-6 a^-1) are lower than the maximum permissible risk values set by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). The above standard rates of fluoride in shallow, medium, and deep groundwater samples were 57.14%, 40.00%, and 60.00%, respectively, with all average values exceeding the limit (1.0 mg·L^-1). Fluoride enrichment in groundwater in the study area is characterized by being alkaline, rich in Na⁺ and deficient in Ca²⁺. Rock weathering, dissolution of silicate minerals, and ion exchange promote fluorine enrichment.

Key words: hydrogeochemistry, fluorine, water quality assessment, western Tarim Basin

刘圣锋,高柏,张海阳,樊骅,蒋文波. 塔里木盆地西部地下水水质评价及氟化物富集特征--以阿克陶县为例[J]. 干旱区地理, 2021, 44(5): 1261-1271.

LIU Shengfeng,GAO Bai,ZHANG Haiyang,FAN Hua,JIANG Wenbo. Evaluation of groundwater quality and fluoride enrichment characteristics in western Tarim Basin: A case study of Akto County[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(5): 1261-1271.

图/表 11

图1

表1

地下水环境背景值与内梅罗污染指数分级"

评价因子	背景值浓度（S_i）/mg·L^-1	改进内梅罗污染指数(P)分级	分级范围
Cl^-	130.32	I	P<0.80
$S O 4 2 -$	190.19	II	0.80≤P<2.50
F^-	1.00	III	2.50≤P<4.25
TDS	700.00	IV	4.25≤P<7.20
pH	7.00	V	P≥7.20

表1

表2

塔里木盆地西部水质指标统计特征"

参数	浅层水（0~50 m）					中层水（50~100 m）					深层水（100~200 m）
参数	最小值	最大值	均值	标准差	变异系数	最小值	最大值	均值	标准差	变异系数	最小值	最大值	均值	标准差	变异系数
pH	7.20	7.70	7.49	0.16	0.02	7.30	8.00	7.60	0.30	0.04	7.60	8.40	7.94	0.21	0.03
TDS/mg·L^-1	321.50	2616.30	1311.76	792.19	0.60	256.00	2963.20	932.62	1024.84	1.10	162.40	2690.00	749.98	684.48	0.91
K⁺+Na⁺/mg·L^-1	27.10	377.10	161.13	137.09	0.85	32.00	783.80	204.40	290.09	1.42	26.80	786.90	183.11	211.00	1.15
Ca²⁺/mg·L^-1	53.20	157.60	97.39	38.39	0.39	36.80	174.00	85.98	48.55	0.56	24.60	165.40	63.19	38.67	0.61
Mg²⁺/mg·L^-1	17.40	156.40	91.64	51.31	0.56	8.70	100.60	42.04	34.25	0.81	5.00	91.90	29.20	24.83	0.85
Cl^-/mg·L^-1	17.90	629.40	260.31	207.78	0.80	43.00	797.80	208.58	294.81	1.41	15.80	810.00	190.56	217.29	1.14
$S O 4 2 -$ /mg·L^-1	75.20	813.60	398.10	248.02	0.62	61.20	1005.70	287.82	361.72	1.26	27.50	817.70	219.50	214.07	0.98
$HC O 3 -$ /mg·L^-1	186.80	641.30	424.44	164.23	0.39	99.60	417.20	224.16	116.50	0.52	80.90	263.50	144.51	54.66	0.38
F^-/mg·L^-1	0.20	5.30	1.77	1.66	0.94	0.80	2.00	1.18	0.44	0.38	0.30	2.50	1.21	0.71	0.58

表2

表3

表4

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

参考文献 43

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参数	浅层水（0~50 m）		中层水（50~100 m）		深层水（100~200 m）
参数	成人	儿童	成人	儿童	成人	儿童
F^-饮水途径健康风险	1.40×10^-8	1.79×10^-8	9.35×10^-9	1.19×10^-8	9.58×10^-9	1.22×10^-8
F^-皮肤途径健康风险	3.26×10^-10	3.81×10^-10	2.17×10^-10	2.54×10^-10	2.22×10^-10	2.60×10^-10
Cl^-饮水途径健康风险	1.24×10^-6	1.58×10^-6	9.91×10^-7	1.27×10^-6	9.06×10^-7	1.16×10^-6
Cl^-皮肤途径健康风险	2.87×10^-8	3.36×10^-8	2.30×10^-8	2.69×10^-8	2.10×10^-8	2.46×10^-8
总体健康风险	1.28×10^-6	1.63×10^-6	1.02×10^-6	1.30×10^-6	9.36×10^-7	1.19×10^-6
国际辐射防护委员会（ICRP）最大可接受风险	5×10^-5
美国环境保护署（US EPA）最大可接受风险	1×10^-4

塔里木盆地西部地下水水质评价及氟化物富集特征--以阿克陶县为例

Evaluation of groundwater quality and fluoride enrichment characteristics in western Tarim Basin: A case study of Akto County

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类型	浅层水（0~50 m）	中层水(50~100 m)	深层水（100~200 m）
I	-	-	-
II	28.57	60.00	90.00
III	57.14	20.00	-
IV	14.29	20.00	10.00
V	-	-	-