雅鲁藏布江河流沉积物矿物成熟度的演化过程及物源示踪

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.676

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

聚焦青藏高原雅鲁藏布江表层沉积物，剖析其物源及演化过程。通过系统采集河流沉积物样品，结合高精度化学分析技术，采用球粒陨石标准化方法，利用δEu、La/Yb、Rb/Sr等指标以及多元图解，开展地球化学特征、演化过程及物源解析。结果表明：（1）雅鲁藏布江流域表层沉积物稀土元素总含量总体较高，稀土元素分布呈现轻稀土显著富集、Eu典型负异常、Ce无明显异常的特征。（2）流域风化作用存在明显空间差异，上游区域以物理风化作用为主导，下游区域则以化学风化作用为主导。（3）从上游至下游，沉积物矿物分选作用逐步增强，矿物成熟度呈现显著递增趋势。（4）地球化学混合模型结果显示，研究区沉积物的物源主要由喜马拉雅造山带变泥质岩（占89.7%）、喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩（占8.3%）和冈底斯岩基花岗岩（占2.3%）共同贡献。研究结果可为区域构造演化过程及物质迁移规律研究提供重要的地球化学支撑依据。

关键词: 雅鲁藏布江, 河流表层沉积物, 微量元素, 稀土元素

Abstract:

Focusing on the surface sediments of the Yarlung Zangbo River in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, this study analyzes their provenance and evolutionary processes. River sediment samples were systematically collected and analyzed using high-precision geochemical analytical techniques. Chondrite normalization, along with elemental ratios such as δEu, La/Yb, and Rb/Sr, and multivariate diagrams, were employed to characterize geochemical features, reconstruct evolutionary processes, and determine sediment provenance. The results show that: (1) The total content of rare earth elements (∑REE) in this basin is generally high. The distribution of REEs is characterized by significant enrichment of light rare earth elements, a typical negative Eu anomaly, and no obvious Ce anomaly. (2) There are clear spatial variations in weathering processes across the basin: Physical weathering dominates in the upper reaches, whereas chemical weathering becomes dominant in the lower reaches. (3) From the upper to the lower reaches, the mineral sorting of sediments gradually increases, and mineral maturity shows a significant increasing trend. (4) The geochemical mixing model shows that the provenance of sediments in the study area is mainly derived from metamorphic argillaceous rocks of the Himalayan orogenic belt (89.7%), with additional contributions from Himalayan leucogranites (8.3%) and Gangdese batholith granites (2.3%). These results provide important geochemical evidence for understanding regional tectonic evolution processes and sediment transport mechanisms.

Key words: Yarlung Zangbo River, river surface sediments, trace elements, rare earth elements

陈锋, 夏诗瑶, 任娇. 雅鲁藏布江河流沉积物矿物成熟度的演化过程及物源示踪[J]. 干旱区地理, 2026, 49(8): 1675-1686.

CHEN Feng, XIA Shiyao, REN Jiao. Evolutionary process of mineral maturity and provenance tracing of sediments in the Yarlung Zangbo River[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2026, 49(8): 1675-1686.

图/表 12

图1

图2

表1

雅鲁藏布江表层沉积物微量元素及稀土元素含量"

采样点	Li	Be	Sc	V	Cr	Co	Ni	Cu	Zn	Ga	Rb	Sr	Y	Mo	Cd
Y01	47.40	4.76	4.80	29.00	58.10	6.54	24.00	10.20	45.40	13.30	149.00	189.00	18.80	0.27	0.11
Y02	45.30	5.58	4.03	31.00	48.50	5.47	20.40	9.79	43.70	14.30	172.00	163.00	19.00	0.63	0.11
Y03	33.40	4.81	3.21	23.60	44.50	4.16	20.50	5.25	33.80	12.00	179.00	194.00	12.20	0.22	0.03
Y04	30.90	3.95	4.50	44.90	106.00	8.03	47.80	15.70	42.00	10.30	111.00	95.00	13.70	0.21	0.07
Y05	62.70	4.75	7.27	50.60	62.40	8.91	28.90	18.90	68.00	16.40	182.00	150.00	18.10	0.40	0.12
Y07	50.10	2.42	7.53	58.10	50.80	8.71	27.70	17.30	71.90	13.10	116.00	233.00	20.20	0.46	0.12
Y08	36.70	3.02	7.88	55.60	54.40	10.10	31.60	29.60	62.10	13.20	117.00	135.00	19.40	0.38	0.09
Y09	41.30	2.50	9.29	76.30	81.30	11.10	28.60	25.00	72.70	15.20	123.00	136.00	24.90	0.38	0.08
Y10	51.50	3.21	9.56	69.60	84.90	12.40	40.10	27.10	77.70	15.00	114.00	203.00	22.10	0.47	0.10
Y11	36.70	2.82	8.56	70.50	134.00	12.40	56.30	26.50	73.30	13.00	103.00	156.00	24.50	0.46	0.07
Y13	40.10	2.60	9.46	84.70	112.00	13.60	60.10	31.80	77.10	14.70	104.00	174.00	22.10	0.51	0.10
Y14	46.40	2.60	11.10	77.80	107.00	16.40	62.80	39.80	86.50	16.70	109.00	185.00	25.40	0.64	0.12
Y15	38.60	2.42	10.40	75.40	124.00	15.10	66.40	33.00	79.20	15.10	102.00	163.00	23.40	0.47	0.08
Y16	33.90	3.17	9.63	83.30	72.10	10.30	30.00	25.00	71.20	14.90	110.00	224.00	26.90	0.50	0.07
Y17	35.50	2.71	10.00	94.60	120.00	13.00	43.30	28.40	76.20	15.20	107.00	221.00	24.30	0.63	0.09
Y18	38.40	2.52	10.10	81.50	100.00	12.80	49.30	29.80	76.70	15.40	105.00	228.00	24.50	0.64	0.08
Y20	38.70	2.51	10.10	81.90	141.00	13.60	43.10	38.80	83.70	15.90	110.00	199.00	24.70	0.67	0.10
Y21	26.00	1.90	8.24	76.90	48.80	9.41	24.40	22.90	60.20	14.50	106.00	278.00	19.80	0.81	0.10
Y22	26.20	1.65	8.40	65.70	2366.00	27.10	322.00	19.20	62.60	11.30	77.50	178.00	14.00	0.37	0.07
Y24	35.80	2.35	9.89	88.00	133.00	12.60	43.40	30.60	78.50	15.50	99.30	216.00	28.40	0.57	0.08
Y25	32.60	1.95	9.02	98.40	137.00	12.00	36.50	25.30	82.80	15.10	92.60	242.00	23.00	0.64	0.10
Y26	43.40	2.17	10.60	84.40	84.30	14.70	46.40	36.40	96.20	16.60	107.00	203.00	29.30	0.60	0.13
Y27	34.90	1.98	9.76	84.10	100.00	12.80	41.20	30.80	80.60	15.10	96.20	221.00	27.00	0.57	0.10
Y28	48.00	2.47	12.20	95.70	77.90	18.20	50.80	65.90	104.00	18.20	116.00	194.00	28.10	0.78	0.17
Y29	35.90	2.19	9.42	81.60	79.20	12.40	34.90	31.50	79.50	15.10	105.00	191.00	25.20	0.47	0.13
Y31	15.10	1.66	7.42	78.20	79.30	8.37	22.30	12.40	77.10	14.60	72.50	217.00	33.30	0.45	0.11
Y33	16.00	2.19	14.20	90.60	104.00	15.50	32.10	24.80	60.20	16.60	93.20	150.00	39.80	0.50	0.09
平均值	37.83	2.85	8.76	71.56	174.46	12.06	49.44	26.36	71.22	14.68	114.01	190.30	23.41	0.51	0.10
最大值	62.70	5.58	14.20	98.40	2366.00	27.10	322.00	65.90	104.00	18.20	182.00	278.00	39.80	0.81	0.17
最小值	15.10	1.65	3.21	23.60	44.50	4.16	20.40	5.25	33.80	10.30	72.50	95.00	12.20	0.21	0.03
标准差	10.06	1.02	2.41	20.13	430.78	4.39	54.97	11.65	15.82	1.70	26.37	38.43	5.80	0.15	0.03
采样点	In	Sb	Cs	Ba	W	Re	Tl	Pb	Bi	Th	U	Nb	Ta	Zr	Hf
Y01	0.03	5.16	73.60	358.00	3.04	0.00	0.78	36.60	0.74	14.20	4.17	9.34	1.18	47.20	1.64
Y02	0.04	1.55	39.70	408.00	7.13	<0.002	1.02	43.50	0.97	15.30	3.85	10.80	1.38	40.40	1.49
Y03	0.02	1.36	34.40	425.00	3.09	0.00	1.07	31.70	0.39	10.10	2.60	7.78	0.85	35.20	1.30
Y04	0.02	0.78	21.10	333.00	1.61	<0.002	0.60	28.10	0.40	6.62	1.47	8.22	0.72	65.00	1.89
Y05	0.04	1.73	48.20	402.00	4.28	<0.002	0.89	34.10	1.17	13.20	2.43	12.80	1.34	62.70	1.79
Y07	0.05	1.94	27.90	324.00	3.11	0.00	0.59	27.30	0.60	13.30	2.57	12.90	1.19	89.40	2.61
Y08	0.04	1.29	34.20	328.00	3.86	<0.002	0.61	25.20	0.42	11.20	1.81	11.10	1.04	81.40	2.51
Y09	0.05	1.14	26.80	338.00	3.47	<0.002	0.67	23.60	0.43	16.40	2.67	14.80	1.32	119.00	3.63
Y10	0.05	2.38	43.10	326.00	4.86	0.00	0.55	22.10	0.58	13.40	2.10	14.30	1.33	81.60	2.40
Y11	0.04	1.52	25.70	309.00	7.29	<0.002	0.58	20.70	0.50	13.70	2.23	15.20	1.55	90.00	2.54
Y13	0.05	1.58	28.80	313.00	3.12	0.00	0.58	22.00	0.64	15.80	2.19	13.50	1.14	77.10	2.29
Y14	0.05	1.60	33.60	339.00	3.48	<0.002	0.54	23.90	0.75	18.20	2.95	14.70	1.30	89.70	2.77
Y15	0.05	1.38	19.60	359.00	3.24	<0.002	0.48	21.60	0.30	16.60	2.11	14.10	1.17	86.10	2.51
Y16	0.05	1.53	23.10	380.00	3.01	0.00	0.62	24.10	0.72	16.60	2.45	12.70	1.10	78.30	2.43
Y17	0.04	3.47	24.50	383.00	3.09	<0.002	0.59	21.70	0.28	16.00	2.71	14.00	1.14	85.80	2.54
Y18	0.04	1.40	26.80	361.00	2.78	<0.002	0.57	22.60	0.31	17.00	2.91	12.20	1.05	93.00	2.73
Y20	0.05	1.47	29.90	391.00	2.99	<0.002	0.58	24.70	0.37	22.50	4.32	14.00	1.29	91.00	2.85
Y21	0.04	1.02	16.70	432.00	2.51	0.00	0.68	22.70	0.31	10.40	2.14	9.50	0.86	66.90	2.14
Y22	0.03	1.16	17.30	308.00	1.49	0.00	0.46	16.80	0.17	7.48	1.65	7.18	0.65	44.90	1.51
Y24	0.05	1.21	24.30	352.00	5.51	0.00	0.60	21.70	0.32	20.40	3.02	14.40	1.28	95.80	3.29
Y25	0.05	0.90	15.30	365.00	3.37	<0.002	0.54	22.20	0.23	24.70	3.46	14.60	1.30	52.70	1.75
Y26	0.05	1.21	28.60	378.00	3.84	<0.002	0.63	25.00	0.41	21.50	3.20	14.00	1.23	97.40	2.81
Y27	0.05	1.16	22.90	356.00	2.67	<0.002	0.57	22.70	0.28	17.90	2.59	13.30	1.12	77.90	2.59
Y28	0.07	1.20	29.10	405.00	3.32	0.00	0.72	29.20	0.44	17.70	3.31	14.40	1.18	70.10	2.21
Y29	0.05	0.94	24.50	368.00	2.50	<0.002	0.63	24.50	0.31	16.50	2.72	13.40	1.24	67.40	2.30
Y31	0.05	1.23	3.27	278.00	4.84	<0.002	0.39	25.10	0.17	29.20	5.35	16.30	1.48	58.00	2.01
Y33	0.06	0.13	4.12	334.00	1.72	<0.002	0.44	13.50	0.13	17.30	3.36	12.50	1.29	38.60	1.36
平均值	0.04	1.53	27.67	357.52	3.53	0.00	0.63	25.07	0.46	16.04	2.83	12.67	1.17	73.43	2.29
最大值	0.07	5.16	73.60	432.00	7.29	0.00	1.07	43.50	1.17	29.20	5.35	16.30	1.55	119.00	3.63
最小值	0.02	0.13	3.27	278.00	1.49	0.00	0.39	13.50	0.13	6.62	1.47	7.18	0.65	35.20	1.30
标准差	0.01	0.91	13.29	37.40	1.38	0.00	0.15	5.88	0.24	4.86	0.85	2.36	0.21	20.50	0.56
采样点	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu
Y01	32.20	57.40	7.11	26.20	4.99	0.76	4.24	0.70	3.49	0.66	1.68	0.28	1.69	0.24
Y02	33.90	61.20	7.29	25.80	4.87	0.84	4.12	0.70	3.46	0.66	1.68	0.30	1.82	0.25
Y03	24.10	42.90	5.18	18.10	3.25	0.59	2.69	0.44	2.28	0.42	1.14	0.19	1.27	0.17
Y04	19.80	37.70	4.67	16.90	3.16	0.66	2.76	0.50	2.31	0.49	1.26	0.22	1.35	0.19
Y05	30.70	55.40	6.57	23.80	4.51	0.76	3.88	0.65	3.20	0.64	1.68	0.29	1.89	0.24
Y07	34.80	65.70	7.74	27.30	4.96	0.87	4.36	0.70	3.48	0.68	1.76	0.32	1.95	0.29
Y08	31.50	58.50	6.93	25.40	4.72	0.87	3.85	0.67	3.44	0.67	1.83	0.31	1.97	0.27
Y09	45.40	89.60	10.90	39.40	6.73	1.18	5.51	0.92	4.60	0.89	2.39	0.41	2.48	0.35
Y10	39.80	75.00	9.25	33.70	6.18	1.05	5.13	0.84	4.13	0.80	2.07	0.34	2.12	0.30
Y11	47.50	93.70	11.40	41.90	7.32	1.25	5.98	0.96	4.57	0.87	2.43	0.39	2.46	0.34
Y13	46.20	89.60	11.10	39.70	6.81	1.19	5.76	0.90	4.04	0.76	2.17	0.34	2.21	0.31
Y14	42.30	84.80	10.20	37.20	6.88	1.17	5.61	0.93	4.41	0.88	2.41	0.37	2.54	0.34
Y15	44.00	87.50	10.40	37.70	6.59	1.19	5.60	0.86	4.22	0.84	2.20	0.38	2.29	0.34
Y16	42.80	83.10	10.30	38.50	6.91	1.16	5.61	0.97	4.61	0.95	2.41	0.41	2.61	0.37
Y17	43.40	85.60	10.20	36.80	6.57	1.11	5.14	0.82	4.21	0.82	2.25	0.39	2.33	0.35
Y18	47.30	86.00	10.50	37.40	6.45	1.17	5.38	0.85	4.28	0.85	2.27	0.37	2.36	0.32
Y20	47.50	93.90	11.50	41.10	7.47	1.22	6.11	0.98	4.78	0.89	2.27	0.40	2.56	0.38
Y21	34.30	59.80	7.19	25.10	4.45	0.81	3.82	0.63	3.29	0.67	1.83	0.34	2.04	0.32
Y22	23.90	43.80	5.42	19.70	3.63	0.67	2.92	0.50	2.46	0.51	1.32	0.23	1.43	0.21
Y24	49.40	97.90	12.10	44.40	7.89	1.40	6.51	1.08	5.26	1.02	2.65	0.46	2.85	0.40
Y25	43.80	80.60	10.20	36.90	6.24	1.22	5.47	0.81	4.30	0.83	2.24	0.37	2.32	0.34
Y26	48.10	95.90	11.50	42.50	7.49	1.27	6.61	1.08	5.16	1.02	2.68	0.46	2.80	0.40
Y27	45.40	89.70	11.10	40.20	7.44	1.32	6.00	0.98	4.76	0.94	2.48	0.44	2.73	0.37
Y28	43.20	84.00	10.30	37.30	6.95	1.34	5.80	0.97	4.95	0.97	2.70	0.44	2.55	0.35
Y29	43.70	86.20	10.40	37.90	7.34	1.26	5.86	0.96	4.77	0.89	2.41	0.41	2.51	0.35
Y31	50.70	91.50	11.20	38.20	6.79	1.23	6.37	1.04	5.45	1.17	3.05	0.54	3.42	0.45
Y33	39.60	72.70	9.03	34.00	6.93	1.16	6.18	1.16	6.53	1.41	3.66	0.64	4.34	0.60
平均值	39.83	75.91	9.25	33.45	6.06	1.06	5.08	0.84	4.16	0.82	2.18	0.37	2.33	0.33
最大值	50.70	97.90	12.10	44.40	7.89	1.40	6.61	1.16	6.53	1.41	3.66	0.64	4.34	0.60
最小值	19.80	37.70	4.67	16.90	3.16	0.59	2.69	0.44	2.28	0.42	1.14	0.19	1.27	0.17
标准差	8.27	17.45	2.15	7.89	1.37	0.23	1.14	0.19	0.97	0.21	0.54	0.09	0.62	0.09

表1

图3

图4

表2

图5

图6

图7

图8

表3

图9

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