收藏 ｜ 设为首页 广告服务 ｜ 联系我们 ｜ 在线留言
高级检索

干旱区地理 ›› 2026, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (1): 35-46.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.209 cstr: 32274.14.ALG2025209

• 气候与水文 • 上一篇    下一篇

2000—2023年天山北坡城市群冬季大气污染事件时空演变特征

于志翔1(), 于晓晶2(), 陈诗永2, 李霞3, 梅桢1   

  1. 1 乌鲁木齐气象卫星地面站，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011
    2 新疆大学地理与遥感科学学院，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830017
    3 中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830002
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-16 修回日期:2025-05-09 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2026-01-18
  • 通讯作者: 于晓晶（1987-），女，博士，副教授，主要从事干旱区气候变化与极端事件归因研究. E-mail: yuxj@xju.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:于志翔（1988-），男，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事环境气象与卫星资料应用研究. E-mail: yzxwxz@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金面上项目(2024D01A27);新疆维吾尔自治区重点基金项目(2024D01D33);中国气象局阿克达拉大气本底野外科学试验基地开放基金课题(AKDL202412)

Spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of air pollution events in the urban agglomeration on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains in winter from 2000 to 2023

YU Zhixiang1(), YU Xiaojing2(), CHEN Shiyong2, LI Xia3, MEI Zhen1   

  1. 1 Urumqi Meteorological Satellite Ground Station, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
    2 College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, Xinjiang, China
    3 Institute of Desert Meteorology, Chinese Meteorological Administration, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2025-04-16 Revised:2025-05-09 Published:2026-01-25 Online:2026-01-18

RichHTML

4

PDF (PC)

25

赞

摘要：

基于2000—2023年中国高分辨率高质量近地表空气污染物（CHAP）数据集，依据空气质量指数（AQI）判别天山北坡城市群冬季大气污染事件，厘清其年均日数、年均发生频次、最长持续日数和强度等特征量的时空演变特征。结果表明：（1）天山北坡城市群冬季大气污染物以PM2.5为主，其主导的污染日数超过总污染日数（AQI>100）的95%。（2）从气候态来看，天山北坡城市群冬季不同等级大气污染事件的特征量以乌鲁木齐、昌吉、石河子（简称“乌昌石”）为中心向周边逐渐减弱，核心区域AQI年均值高于190，污染年均日数超过80%。具体而言，天山北坡城市群冬季轻度污染事件（101≤AQI≤150）发生频繁且覆盖范围广，年均发生25.7 d，年均发生频次最高17.4次·a-1，单次污染最长持续日数为29.0 d；中度污染事件（151≤AQI≤200）多发生在中东部区域，年均发生5 d，年均发生频次最高14.5次·a-1，单次污染最长持续日数为12.3 d；重度和严重污染事件（AQI≥201）集中发生在“乌昌石”，AQI最大可超过500，单次污染最长持续日数为11.3 d，呈现出“短时高强”的演变过程。（3）天山北坡城市群大部分（75.8%）地区轻度和中度污染事件呈下降趋势，但重度以上污染事件在“乌昌石”地区呈增加趋势。（4）天山北坡城市群9个重点城市间大气污染事件特征差异显著，其中乌鲁木齐、昌吉、石河子污染最严重，五家渠、奎屯、阜康次之，乌苏、克拉玛依、博乐污染最轻。“乌昌石”区域中度以上污染事件的强度、年均日数、年均发生频次、最长持续日数远高于其他城市；博乐和克拉玛依则主要以轻度污染为主。

关键词: 大气污染事件, CHAP数据集, 空气质量指数（AQI）, 时空演变特征, 天山北坡城市群

Abstract:

Based on the China high air pollutants (CHAP) dataset from 2000 to 2023, this study identifies wintertime air pollution events in the urban agglomeration on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains (Xinjiang, China) using the air quality index (AQI) and analyzes their spatiotemporal patterns (annual mean number of days, annual mean frequency, maximum duration, and intensity). The results demonstrated that (1) PM2.5 was the dominant air pollutant in the urban agglomeration on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains, present on more than 95% of the polluted days (AQI>100). (2) A climatological analysis revealed that pollution intensity peaks in the Urumqi-Changji-Shihezi region, where the long-term annual mean AQI exceeds 190 and the annual mean number of days accounts for more than 80% of the winter period. Mild pollution events (101≤AQI≤150) are especially frequent and widespread, with an annual mean of 25.7 days, a maximum annual mean frequency of 17.4 occurrences per year, and a maximum duration of up to 29.0 days. Moderate events (151≤AQI≤200) predominantly occur in the central and eastern subregions, averaging 5 days per year with a maximum annual mean frequency of 14.5 occurrences per year and a maximum duration of up to 12.3 days. In contrast, heavy and severe events (AQI≥201) are concentrated in the Urumqi-Changji-Shihezi region, where AQI peaks can exceed 500. The maximum duration of these events is 11.3 days, exhibiting a “short-duration, high-intensity” evolution pattern. (3) Mild and moderate pollution events have declined in 75.8% of the polluted regions in the urban agglomeration on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains, but heavy and above pollution events have increased in the Urumqi-Changji-Shihezi core. (4) The characteristics of air pollution events among the nine key cities in the urban agglomeration on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains varied significantly. Urumqi, Changji and Shihezi are most severely affected, followed by Wujiaqu, Kuytun, and Fukang, while Usu, Karamay, and Bole maintaine the cleanest air. The intensity, annual mean number of days, annual mean frequency, and maximum duration of moderate to severe pollution events in the Urumqi-Changji-Shihezi region are significantly higher than those in other cities, whereas Bole and Karamay are primarily affected by light pollution.

Key words: air pollution events, CHAP dataset, air quality index (AQI), spatiotemporal evolution characteristics, urban agglomeration on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains