基于住宅价格的带形城市铁路设施邻避影响特征

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.391

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 铁路是现代城市重要对外交通设施，对城市的发展具有关键作用，但也存在对城市格局的割裂和对居民生活的干扰等负向影响。以“带”形城市兰州市为研究对象，通过价格特征模型和地理加权回归模型等方法探究2024年铁路设施的邻避影响及其特征。结果表明：（1）铁路设施对周围房价有显著负向影响，与铁路线和铁路站场的距离每减少1%，房价分别下降0.175%和0.017%。（2）铁路线路的邻避影响范围约为1.2 km，铁路车站的邻避影响范围约为0.6 km。在带形城市形态和铁路线方向同向的作用下，邻避影响范围内的小区数量较多，占兰州市小区总数的55.24%。（3）铁路线路和铁路车站的影响范围具有显著空间异质性。靠近核心发展区一侧的住宅小区受到铁路的影响更大，而房价高值区的住宅价格受到的影响强度大于边缘地区。（4）铁路车站站场区邻避效应影响范围最大为1.6 km，市政配套区最大影响范围为0.8 km，车站的正向效应对邻避效应有显著的抵消作用。

关键词: 铁路设施, 邻避效应, 带形城市, 住宅价格, 价格特征法, 兰州中心城区

Abstract:

Railways are vital external transportation infrastructures in modern cities and play an important role in urban development. However, they also cause certain negative impacts, such as the fragmentation of urban patterns and disruption to residents’ lives. The study focused on Lanzhou City, Gansu, China, a linear city, and investigated the not-in-my-backyard (NIMBY) impacts of railway facilities employing a price characteristic model and a geographically weighted regression model. The study concluded the following. (1) Railway facilities significantly reduce housing prices. With every 1% reduction in distance between railway and railway stations, housing prices fall by 0.175% and 0.017%, respectively. (2) The NIMBY influence ranges approximately 1.2 km from the railway and approximately 0.6 km from the railway station. Owing to Lanzhou’s linear urban layout (a belt along the same direction), which runs parallel to the railway, several residential blocks (55.24% of total housing in the city), are within the NIMBY-affected area. (3) The spatial effects of the railway and railway stations vary significantly. Houses closer to the city center, particularly those related along the inner side of the railway, experience greater negative impacts. Furthermore, development areas are more impacted by the railway, and properties in high-price areas are more strongly affected compared to those located in the suburbs. (4) The “dock area” surrounding railroad stations has a maximum influence of 1.6 km, while the “municipal support area” affects up to 0.8 km. This implies that the positive effect of the station has a significant offsetting effect on the NIMBY effect.

Key words: railway facilities, NIMBY effect, linear city, housing price, hedonic pricing method, central Lanzhou City

王雪怡, 耿满国, 唐相龙. 基于住宅价格的带形城市铁路设施邻避影响特征[J]. 干旱区地理, 2025, 48(5): 941-950.

WANG Xueyi, GENG Manguo, TANG Xianglong. NIMBY influence by railway facilities in linear city based on housing prices[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(5): 941-950.

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特征类型	变量名称	变量含义	平均值
建筑特征	房龄/a	2023减去房产的建设年份	19.93
	层数/层	多层赋值1、小高层赋值2、高层赋值3	-
	容积率/%	小区总建筑面积/小区总用地面积	1.95
	绿地率/%	小区绿地面积/小区总用地面积	26.14
	总户数/户	小区居住户数	527.84
区位特征	到邻近地铁站距离/m	同周边地铁站的最近距离	1122.44
	到邻近公交站距离/m	同周边公交站的最近距离	153.78
	到城市中心和商业中心距离/m	同城市中心和与商业中心的最近距离	1384.40
	到商务中心距离/m	同周边银行、商务楼的最近距离	353.28
邻里特征	最邻近大型超市距离/m	同周边大型超市的最近距离	2310.46
	最邻近大型商场距离/m	同周边大型商场的最近距离	1075.90
	最邻近公园广场距离/m	同周边公园广场的最近距离	424.32
	是否有中学	1000 m范围内是否有中学（是1、否0）	-
	是否有小学	1000 m范围内是否有小学（是1、否0）	-
	最邻近铁路线距离/m	同最近铁路线的直线距离	1287.43
	最邻近铁路车站距离/m	同最近铁路车站的最近距离	3918.68

特征类型	变量名称	回归系数	显著性	方差膨胀系数
建筑特征	房龄	-0.018	0.045^*	1.153
	层数	0.001	0.897	1.171
	容积率	0.003	0.720	1.002
	绿地率	0.045	0.000^***	1.068
	总户数	0.014	0.147	1.234
区位特征	到邻近地铁站距离	-0.138	0.000^***	3.842
	到邻近公交站距离	-0.042	0.000^***	1.062
	到城市中心和商业中心距离	-0.098	0.000^***	1.900
	到商务中心距离	-0.068	0.000^***	1.742
邻里特征	最邻近大型超市距离	-0.342	0.000^***	9.917
	最邻近大型商场距离	-0.331	0.000^***	1.933
	最邻近公园广场距离	-0.136	0.000^***	1.517
	是否有中学	-0.029	0.003^**	1.361
	是否有小学	-0.075	0.000^***	1.387
	最邻近铁路线距离	0.175	0.000^***	1.142
	最邻近铁路车站距离	0.017	0.000^***	4.203

邻避效应区间/km	回归系数	显著性	方差膨胀系数
0.0~0.2	-0.269	0.000^***	3.468
0.2~0.4	-0.253	0.000^***	3.722
0.4~0.6	-0.177	0.000^***	3.023
0.6~0.8	-0.154	0.000^***	2.782
0.8~1.0	-0.106	0.000^***	2.424
1.0~1.2	-0.067	0.000^***	2.788
1.2~1.4	-0.001	0.950	2.603
1.4~1.6	0.101	0.151	2.197
1.6~1.8	0.771	0.032^**	2.111
1.8~2.0	0.086	0.543	1.390

邻避效应区间/km	回归系数	显著性	方差膨胀系数
0.0~0.2	-0.119	0.000^***	1.570
0.2~0.4	-0.152	0.000^***	1.997
0.4~0.6	-0.147	0.000^***	1.725
0.6~0.8	-0.021	0.284	1.714
0.8~1.0	-0.002	0.914	1.765
1.0~1.2	0.052	0.015^**	1.976
1.2~1.4	0.093	0.000^***	1.949
1.4~1.6	0.006	0.787	1.873
1.6~1.8	-0.019	0.358	1.961
1.8~2.0	0.018	0.358	1.666