声波干预下微液滴群微物理变化及其与雷达反射率因子关系研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.414

干旱区地理 ›› 2024, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (8): 1388-1398.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.414

声波干预下微液滴群微物理变化及其与雷达反射率因子关系研究

李岩(), 柏文文()

青海大学土木水利学院/黄河上游生态保护与高质量发展实验室/水利部江河源区水生态治理与保护重点实验室/三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室，青海西宁 810016

收稿日期:2023-08-15 修回日期:2023-11-06 出版日期:2024-08-25 发布日期:2024-09-02
通讯作者: 柏文文（1989-），男，博士，副教授，主要从事水文气象、水力学与河流动力学等方面的研究. E-mail: baiwenwen@qhu.edu.cn
作者简介:李岩（2002-），男，学士，主要从事水文气象研究. E-mail: yan_li02@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(52209092);国家自然科学基金项目(42375198);青海省科技厅自然科学基金项目(2023-ZJ-971Q);清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室开放基金项目(sklhse-2022-B-02)

Microphysical changes of droplets and their relationship with radar reflectivity factor under acoustic interference

LI Yan(), BAI Wenwen()

School of Civil Engineering and Water Resources, Qinghai University/Laboratory of Ecological Protection and High-Quality Development in the Upper Yellow River/Key Laboratory of Water Ecology Remediation and Protection at Headwater Regions of Big Rivers, Ministry of Water Resources/State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China

Received:2023-08-15 Revised:2023-11-06 Published:2024-08-25 Online:2024-09-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过室内实验，探究了声波干预下微液滴群微物理变化特征，建立了滴群特征粒径与雷达反射率因子之间的关系，讨论了粒径增量与宏观雨强增量之间的量化关系。结果表明：（1）存在优选声波频率和临界声压级，实验重点关注的120 Hz声波频率（超过临界声压级）干预实验滴群，引起微液滴群特征粒径增大、粒径谱右移变宽，粒子数浓度减小，雷达反射率因子增大，该结论对于30~280 Hz声波同样适用。（2） D₉₀-Z相关系数在0.9以上，大粒径对雷达反射率因子贡献较大，拟合参数a、b范围分别为[2.84×10^-8, 1.104]和[0.6713, 9.2000]。（3）滴群特征粒径增量与宏观雨强增量呈线性正相关关系，相关系数均在0.98以上，并且声压级越大，拟合的线性斜率越小。研究结果对外场试验效果评价具有重要的参考意义和指导价值。

关键词: 声波, 微液滴群, 临界声压级, 粒径谱, 雷达反射率因子

Abstract:

Through laboratory experiments, the characteristics of microphysical changes of microdroplet clusters under acoustic wave intervention were explored, the relationship between the characteristic particle size of droplet clusters and the radar reflectivity factor was established, and the quantitative relationship between the increment of particle size and the macroscopic rain intensity increment was discussed. The results reveal the following: (1) Optimal acoustic frequencies and critical sound pressure levels are observed. The experiments focused on clusters of drops with 120 Hz acoustic frequencies and exceeding the critical sound pressure level. The acoustic intervention causes the characteristic particle size of the microdroplets to increase, the right shift of the particle size spectrum to widen, the particle number concentration to decrease, and the radar reflectivity factor to increase. This conclusion is also applicable to the 30-280 Hz acoustic wave range. (2) The correlation coefficient of D₉₀-Z is above 0.9, indicating that large particle sizes considerably contribute to the radar reflectivity factor. The fitting parameters a and b are in the ranges of [2.84×10^-8, 1.104] and [0.6713, 9.2000], respectively. (3) The characteristic particle size increment of the droplets is linearly positively correlated with the macroscopic rain intensity increment, with correlation coefficients all above 0.98. In addition, as the sound pressure level increases, the linear slope of the fitting decreases. This study provides a substantial reference and guiding value for evaluating field test effects.

Key words: sound wave, microdroplets, critical sound pressure level, particle size spectrum, radar reflectivity factor

李岩, 柏文文. 声波干预下微液滴群微物理变化及其与雷达反射率因子关系研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2024, 47(8): 1388-1398.

LI Yan, BAI Wenwen. Microphysical changes of droplets and their relationship with radar reflectivity factor under acoustic interference[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(8): 1388-1398.

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工况	声波情况	粒径谱宽/μm	D₁₀增量 /%	D₅₀增量 /%	D₉₀增量 /%
75 dB	闭	8.424	-0.637	-0.829	-0.959
75 dB	开	8.317	-0.637	-0.829	-0.959
80 dB	闭	8.187	0.049	0.428	0.731
80 dB	开	8.302	0.049	0.428	0.731
85 dB	闭	8.560	0.541	0.708	0.743
85 dB	开	8.640	0.541	0.708	0.743
90 dB	闭	8.342	-0.049	0.497	0.844
90 dB	开	8.485	-0.049	0.497	0.844
95 dB	闭	7.785	0.186	0.049	-0.044
95 dB	开	7.763	0.186	0.049	-0.044
100 dB	闭	7.463	-0.200	-0.411	-0.472
100 dB	开	7.406	-0.200	-0.411	-0.472
105 dB	闭	7.474	1.083	3.082	4.243
105 dB	开	8.045	1.083	3.082	4.243
110 dB	闭	7.596	0.429	7.334	12.406
110 dB	开	9.515	0.429	7.334	12.406
115 dB	闭	8.108	7.605	30.960	48.166
115 dB	开	15.304	7.605	30.960	48.166
120 dB	闭	10.862	34.482	140.696	248.656
120 dB	开	56.213	34.482	140.696	248.656
125 dB	闭	13.079	142.906	217.121	276.333
125 dB	开	61.333	142.906	217.121	276.333

研究变量	函数表达式	相关系数	样本数量
D₁₀-SPL	D₁₀=6.676×10^-12SPL^5.933	0.6938	6
D₅₀-SPL	D₅₀=1.055×10^-15SPL^7.912	0.9105	6
D₉₀-SPL	D₉₀=1.354×10^-17SPL^8.905	0.9550	6
谱宽-SPL	D_谱=3.329×10^-20SPL^10.08	0.9429	6

声波干预下微液滴群微物理变化及其与雷达反射率因子关系研究

Microphysical changes of droplets and their relationship with radar reflectivity factor under acoustic interference

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