封禁对沙化土地居民生计及活动影响研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2020.06.27

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探讨封禁保护区建立对不同生态系统类型下沙化土地居民生活影响，通过调查问卷和访谈方法，对 2017 年甘肃省封禁保护试点县玛曲、民勤和山丹的封禁区（项目区）和未封禁区（对照区）家庭年均毛收入、恩格尔系数和收入结构指数等经济指标，资源依赖度、人数活动影响指数和生态意识敏感度等生态指标进行分析。结果表明：经济指标家庭年均毛收入和收入结构指数均呈现玛曲<民勤<山丹的特征；恩格尔系数表现相反，玛曲、民勤和山丹分别为（项目区 0.35、对照区 0.33）、（项目区 0.34、对照区 0.29）和（项目区 0.30、对照区 0.26），恩格尔系数和家庭年均毛收入呈显著负相关，相关系数分别为（项目区-0.946、对照区-0.923）、（项目区-0.894、对照区-0.927）、（项目区-0.901、对照区-0.961）；生态指标资源依赖度和人类活动指数为玛曲>山丹>民勤，生态意识敏感度指标呈现玛曲<民勤<山丹的特征。经济指标恩格尔系数和民勤的收入结构指数为项目区>对照区，家庭年均毛收入和玛曲及山丹的收入结构指数为项目区<对照区，除恩格尔系数外均形成显著差异（P＜0.05）；生态指标资源依赖度、人类活动指数和生态意识敏感度均为项目区>对照区，且均形成显著差异（P＜0.05）。从整体看，对照区较项目区生态及经济状态较好，但项目区生态破坏的趋势得到一定程度的遏制，收入结构由单一向多样转变。该结论为指导沙化封禁保护区经济增长方式转变、合理区划及区域可持续发展提供依据。

关键词: 封禁, 沙化土地, 恩格尔系数, 资源依赖度

Abstract: To explore the impact of the establishment of the closed nature reserve on the life of the residents of sandy land under different ecosystem types, questionnaires and interviews were used. This study analyzes different economic indicators such as the average annual gross income, Engel coefficient, and income structure index, and other ecological indicators such as resource dependence, population activity impact index, and ecological awareness sensitivity of the closed and closed restricted area (project area) and unsealed restricted area (control area) families in Maqu, Minqin, and Shandan pilot counties, Gansu Province, China, which were under closed protection in 2017. Results reveal that the average annual gross income and income structure index of the economic indicators show the characteristics of Maqu < Minqin < Shandan. However, opposite behavior is observed with the Engel coefficient of the counties which are 0.35 and 0.33 for Maqu, 0.34 and 0.29 for Minqin, and 0.30 and 0.26 for Shandan in the project area and in the control area, respectively. The Engel coefficient is negatively correlated with the average annual gross income of the family with correlation coefficients of 0.946 and 0.923 for Maqu, 0.894 and 0.927 for Minqin, and 0.901 and 0.961 for Shandan in the project area and control area, respectively. The ecological index resource dependence and human activity index are of the order Maqu > Shandan > Minqin, and the ecological awareness sensitivity index shows the characteristics of Maqu < Minqin < Shandan. The economic index Engel coefficient and the income structure index of Minqin are project area > control area, while the average annual gross income of families and the income structure index of Maqu and Shandan are project area < control area. Except for the Engel coefficient, significant differences (P<0.05) are observed. The resource dependence, human activity index, and ecological awareness sensitivity of ecological indicators are higher in the project area than in the control area with significant differences of P<0.05. On the whole, the ecological and economic status of the control area is better than that of the project area. However, the trend of ecological damage in the project area has been restrained to a certain extent, and the income structure has changed from single to diverse. The conclusion provides a basis for guiding the transformation of economic growth mode, rational division, and regional sustainable development of the closed and forbidden desertification reserve.

Key words: prohibition, desertified land, Engel coefficient, resource dependence

池虹, 罗永忠. 封禁对沙化土地居民生计及活动影响研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2020, 43(6): 1657-1666.

CHI Hong, LUO Yong-zhong. Impact of land closure on livelihood and activities of people living in the desertified land[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2020, 43(6): 1657-1666.

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