To study the impact of the station’s relocation on the quality of the data obtained from the arid area, data from different periods and seasons from the old and new stations at Turpan meteorological station were selected. The Turpan meteorological station is located in the northwest arid area of China and was subjected to large environmental changes before and after the station’s relocation. In past research, the difference in the obtained values between the old and new stations was smoothed out and presented as an average value of the annual, seasonal, and monthly differences, but this prevented any diurnal variations from being accurately demonstrated. In this paper, we used the hourly air temperature and wind speed data from 2017 to make comparative observations between the old and new Turpan stations to calculate and classify the hourly data difference. Additionally, the monthly average air temperature and wind speed data from 1988 to 2018 were selected for the t-test and continuity check. (1) Because of the large environmental differences between the old and new stations, the differences in the air temperature and wind speed have a positive and scattered skewed distribution. Only 40.7% of the difference in air temperature was within ±1 °C, and 32.1% exceeded ±2 °C; 46% of the difference in wind speed was within ±1 m·s^-1, and 21.4% exceeded ±2 m·s^-1. (2) The negative air temperature differences occurred mainly between 11:00 and 18:00 (i.e., during the daytime) and were slightly greater in the cold season (from October to May), with the lowest average negative difference being -1.5 °C. The greater positive air temperature differences between the new and old stations △T≥2 °C occurred mainly between 18:00 and 11:00 during the warm season (from April to November). The maximum average difference value reached 5 °C. Because of the large difference in the air temperature between the old and the new stations at night during the warm season, the monthly average air temperature in Turpan from March to November had a breaking point in 2016; this passes the 99% significance test. (3) Compared with the Aksu station in the same arid area, this demonstrates the influence of the underlying surface and observation environment on the air temperature. The positive difference of the wind speed △S≥1 m·s^-1 occurred mainly between March and September (in the warm season), whereas -1 m·s^-1<△S<1 m·s^-1 occurred mainly in the cold season (November-December and January-March). With the 99% significance test, breakpoints in the monthly wind speed for the whole year were observed.