Collect ｜ Homepage Advertisement ｜ Contact us ｜ Message
Adv. search

Arid Land Geography >

2019 , Vol. 42 >Issue 5: 1038 - 1047

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2019.05.09

Chemical characteristics and source assessment of atmospheric precipitation in Karamay City

Expand
  • 1 Institute of Desert Meteorology,CMA,Urumqi 830002,Xinjiang,China; 2 Key Laboratory of Tree-Ring Physical and Chemical Research of CMA/Key Laboratory of Tree Ring Ecology of Xinjiang,Urumqi 830002,Xinjiang,China; 3 Xinjiang Jin Feng Hua Yun Meteorological Technology Co.,Ltd.,Urumqi 830002,Xinjiang,China; 4 The Operational department of Xinjiang Meteorological Bureau in,Urumqi 830002,Xinjiang,China

Received date: 2019-02-17

  Revised date: 2019-05-29

  Online published: 2019-09-19

Fold

Abstract

Karamay is one of the most important cities in the economic belt on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains,Xinjiang,China,and is also an important petrochemical base in China.Located in the special leeward slope topography,it displays the climate characteristics of drought,less rain and frequent gale in spring and autumn.In order to fully understand the chemical composition and sources of atmospheric precipitation in Karamay,the precipitation samples collected at the acid rain observatory in Karamay in 2016 were used to analyze the concentration characteristics of major ions (F-、Cl-、NO3-、SO42-、Na+、NH4+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+),heavy metals (Al,Mn,Fe,Ni,Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb,Hg),total carbon and total nitrogen,and the sources of water soluble ions and heavy metals were analyzed by correlation analysis.The results show that the pH value of precipitation is between 5.1 and 6.88,and the weighted average is 6.25.There are 94% of samples with pH value being larger than 5.6.The order of weighted concentration of each ion in precipitation is Ca2+> NH4+> SO42-> NO3-> Cl-> Mg2+> Na+>K+>F-,which shows the characteristics of inland precipitation. Ca2+ is the main cation with an annual average of 182.09 μeq·L-1 and SO42- is the main anion with an annual average of 87.28 μeq·L-1,indicating that sulfate is the main acid-causing substance in Karamay precipitation.The total ion concentration in precipitation is the highest in autumn,followed by spring and summer,and the lowest in winter,and the concentration changes of SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, Ca2+, Na+ are obvious.The average FA value was 0.005,indicating that 99.5% of precipitation acidity was neutralized by alkaline components,and the neutralization ability of Ca2+ was the strongest,followed by NH4+.The average concentration of heavy metal element Zn in precipitation is the largest,followed by Fe,and the smallest is Pb.Compared with domestic and foreign cities,the average concentrations of heavy metals in precipitation in Karamay are not high,and the pollution of toxic heavy metals in precipitation is lighter. The concentrations of DTC, DOC and DIC varied widely,ranging from 1.62-9.97 mg·L-1,1.62-7.19 mg·L-1 and 0-3.75 mg·L-1,with average concentrations of 4.37 mg·L-1,3.60 mg·L-1 and 0.78 mg·L-1,respectively.The concentration range of DTN varied from 0.64-8.01 mg·L-1 with average concentration of 2.69 mg·L-1,which were negatively correlated with precipitation,while the wet deposition flux of DOC and DTN were positively correlated with precipitation.Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by fossil fuel combustion and industrial exhaust are the main sources of DOC.The concentration of DIC in precipitation is generally higher than the theoretical saturated solubility of atmospheric CO2,indicating that calcium carbonate in fine particulate matter is likely to be an important reason for the higher concentration of DIC than the theoretical value,and human emissions are an important factor for the higher concentration of DTN.Based on correlation analysis, SO42- and NO3- mainly come from coal combustion and fossil fuel combustion,Na+,Mg2+ and Ca2+ mainly come from wind sand and dust,and ammonium compounds mainly exist in the form of ammonium nitrate in the atmosphere.The correlation among heavy metal elements is quite different.The main sources of heavy metal pollution are metal smelting,coal burning and human activities.The chemical composition of precipitation in Karamay is mainly affected by human activities,chemical production,coal combustion and dust activities.

Key words： Karamay City; precipitation; chemical composition; source analysis

Cite this article

ZHONG Yu-ting, FAN Zi-ang, LIU Xin-chun, HE Fang . Chemical characteristics and source assessment of atmospheric precipitation in Karamay City[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2019 , 42(5) : 1038 -1047 . DOI: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2019.05.09

References

［1］PANETTIERE P,CORTECCI G,DINELLI E,et al.Chemistry and sulfur isotopic composition of precipitation at Bologna,Italy［J］.Applied Geochemistry,2000,15(10):1455-1467. ［2］邹海明.大气降水化学特征研究综述［J］.农业与技术,2007,27(4):114-115.［ZOU Haiming.Review of chemical characteristics of atmospheric precipitation［J］.Agriculture and Technology,2007,27(4):114-115.］ ［3］杨复沫,贺克斌,雷宇,等.2001—2003年间北京大气降水的化学特征［J］.中国环境科学,2004,24(5):538-541.［YANG Fumo,HE Kebing,LEI Yu,et al.Chemical characteristics of precipitation in Beijing in 2001—2003［J］.China Environmental Science,2004,24(5):538-541.］ ［4］ZHONG X Y,JIANG H,JIN J X,et al.Analysis of acid rain patterns in Northeastern China using a decision tree method［J］.Atmospheric Environment,2012,46:590-596. ［5］张芝萍,李宗省,尚雯,等.祁连山浅山区降水化学的环境意义［J］.干旱区地理,2017,40(3):573-580.［ZHANG Zhiping,LI Zongxing,SHANG Wen,et al.Environment significance of chemical composition of precipitation in low coteau of Qilian Mountains,China［J］.Arid Land Geography,2017,40(3):573-580.］ ［6］傅丽昕.1957—2010年新疆克拉玛依市降水量的持续性和趋势性统计特征分析［J］.水资源与水工程学报,2014,25(4):233-236.［FU Lixin.Analysis of statistic feature for duration and tendency of annual precipitation in Karamay City during 1957—2010［J］.Journal of Water Resources ＆ Water Engineering,2014,25(4):233-236.］ ［7］谢培,顾艳玲,张玉虎,等.1961—2015年新疆降水及干旱特征分析［J］.干旱区地理,2017,40(2):332-339.［XIE Pei,GU Yanling,ZHANG Yuhu,et al.Precipitation and drought characteristics in Xinjiang during 1961—2015［J］.Arid Land Geography,2017,40(2):332-339.］ ［8］李立人,单卫燕.低碳经济背景夏克拉玛依市的发展现状分析［J］.干旱环境监测,2014,28(1):25-30.［LI Liren,SHAN Weiyan.Analysis and thinking of Karamay situation under the Background of low carbon economy［J］.Arid Environmental Monitoring,2014,28(1):25-30.］ ［9］段祖亮,刘雅轩,王建锋,等.城市生态位测度研究——以天山北坡城市群为例［J］.干旱区地理,2013,36(6):1153-1161.［DUAN Zuliang,LIU Yaxuan,WANG Jianfeng,et al.Urban niche metrics:A case of the urban agglomeration in northern slope of Tianshan Mountains［J］.Arid Land Geography,2013,36(6):1153-1161.］ ［10］张宏军,高志刚.基于可持续发展能力评价的资源性城市产业转型研究——以新疆克拉玛依为例［J］.干旱区地理,2005,28(3):409-413.［ZHANG Hongjun,GAO Zhigang.Problems of Industry transformation based on sustainable development ability of resource-based City:A case study on Karamay City,Xinjiang［J］.Arid Land Geography,2005,28(3):409-413.］ ［11］KHWAJA H A,HUSAIN L.Chemical characterization of acid precipitation in Albany,New York［J］. Atmospheric Environment,1990,24A:1869-1882. ［12］AVILA A.Time trends in the precipitation chemistry at a mountain site in Northeastern Spain for the period 1983—1994［J］.Atmospheric Environment,1996,30:1363-1373. ［13］KELLY V R,LOVETT G M,WEATHERS K C,et al.Trends in atmospheric concentration and deposition compared to regional and local pollutant emissions at a rural site in Southeastern New York,USA［J］.Atmospheric Environment,2002,36:1569-1575. ［14］ZHAO Y L,GAO Y.Mass size distributions of watersoluble inorganic and organic ions in size-segregated aerosols over metropolitan Newark in the US East Coast［J］.Atmospheric Environment,2008,42:4063-4078. ［15］GHOLAM A K,KIMPEI I,JUN S.Isotopic characteristics,chemical composition and salinization of atmospheric precipitation in Shahrood,Northeastern Iran［J］.Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,73:316-374. ［16］王文兴,丁国安.中国降水酸度和离子浓度时空分布［J］.环境科学研究,1997,10(2):1-6.［WANG Wenxing,DING Guoan.Spatial and temporal distribution of acidity and ion concentration in China［J］.Research of Environmental Sciences,1997,10(2):1-6.］ ［17］郑有飞,唐信英,徐建强,等.南京市江北工业区降水酸性及化学成分分析［J］.环境科学研究,2007,20(4):45-51.［ZHENG Youfei,TANG Xinying,XU Jianqiang,et al.Analysis of precipitation acidity and chemical composition in Jiangbei industrial area of Nanjing［J］.Research of Environmental Sciences,2007,20(4):45-51.］ ［18］牛彧文,何凌燕,胡敏.深圳大气降水的化学组成特征［J］.环境科学,2008,29(4):1014-1019.［NIU Yuwen,HE Lingyan,HU Min.Chemical composition of atmospheric precipitation in Shenzhen［J］.Environmental Science,2008,29(4):1014-1019.］ ［19］任丽红,陈建华,白志鹏,等.海南五指山和福建武夷山降水离子组成及来源［J］.环境科学研究,2012,25(4):404-410.［REN Lihong,CHENG Jianhua,BAI Zhipeng,et al.Ionic composition and source analysis of precipitation at Wuzhi Mountain in Hainan Province and Wuyi Mountain in Fujian Province［J］.Research of Environmental Sciences,2012,25(4):404-410.］ ［20］XU H,BI X H,FENG Y C,et al.Chemical composition of precipitation and its sources in Hangzhou,China［J］.Environ Monit Assess,2011,183:581-592. ［21］肖致美,李鹏,陈魁,等.天津市大气降水化学组成特征及来源分析［J］.环境科学研究,2015,28(7):1025-1030.［XIAO Zhimei,LI Peng,CHEN Kui,et al.Chemical composition and source analysis of atmospheric precipitation in Tianjin［J］.Research of Environmental Sciences,2015,28(7):1025-1030.］ ［22］白莉,王中良.西安地区大气降水化学组成特征与物源分析［J］.地球与环境,2008,36(4):289-297.［BAI Li,WANG Zhongliang.Chemical composition and provenance analysis of atmospheric precipitation in Xi’an area［J］.Earth and environment,2008,36(4):289-297.］ ［23］钟玉婷,刘新春,何清,等.伊宁市降水化学成分及来源分析［J］.沙漠与绿洲气象,2016,10(3):77-82.［ZHONG Yuting,LIU Xinchun,HE Qing,et al.Chemical characteristics and source assessment of atmospheric precipitation at Yining［J］.Desert and Oasis Meteorology,2016,10(3):77-82.］ ［24］钟玉婷,刘新春,范子昂,等.乌鲁木齐降水化学成分及来源分析［J］.沙漠与绿洲气象,2016,10(6):87-94.［ZHONG Yuting,LIU Xinchun,FAN Ziang,et al.Chemical characteristics and source assessment of atmospheric precipitation at Urumqi［J］.Desert and Oasis Meteorology,2016,10(6):87-94.］ ［25］吕湘芳.乌鲁木齐市降水化学特征时空变化研究［J］.干旱环境监测,2013,27(2):55-59.［LYU Xiangfang.Temporal and spatial variation of chemical characteristics of precipitation in Urumqi［J］.Arid Environmental Monitoring,2013,27(2):55-59.］ ［26］BARRIE L A,HALES J M.The spatial distributions of precipitation acidity and major ion wet deposition in North America during 1980［J］.Tellus Series B-chemical and Physical Meteorology,1984,36B(5):333-355. ［27］BALASUBRAMANIAN R,VICTOR T,CHUN N.Chemical and statistical analysis of precipitation in Singapore［J］.Water,Air,＆ Soil Pollution,2001,130(1-4):451-456. ［28］POSSANZINIi M,BUTTINI P,DI P V.Characterization of a rural area in terms of dry and wet deposition［J］.Science of the Total Environment,1988,74(1):111-120. ［29］艾东升.上海市大气降水组成特征及物源解析［D］.上海:华东师范大学,2011.［AI Dongsheng.Chemical characteristics of wet precipitation in Shanghai and its source analysis［D］.Shanghai:East China Normal University,2011.］ ［30］王文兴,刘红杰,张婉华,等.我国东部沿海地区酸雨来源研究［J］.中国环境科学,1997,17(5):387-392.［WANG Wenxing,LIU Hongjie,ZHANG Wanhua,et al.Sources assessment of acid rain in eastern coastal areas of China［J］.China Environmental Science,1997,17(5):387-392.］ ［31］WANG W X,WANG T.On acid rain formation in China［J］.Atmospheric Environment,1996,30(23): 4091-4093. ［32］杨丽萍,陈发虎.兰州市大气降尘污染物来源研究［J］.环境科学学报,2002,22(4):499-502.［YANG Liping,CHEN Fahu.Sources of pollutants from atmospheric dustfall in Lanzhou［J］.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2002,22(4):499-502.］ ［33］张刚,王宁,艾建超,等.持续性降水气象条件下土壤/大气间汞通量特征［J］.中国环境科学,2013,33(3):409-415.［ZHANG Gang,WANG Ning,AI Jianchao,et al.Characteristics of soil/atmospheric mercury flux under persistent precipitation weather conditions［J］.China Environmental Science,2013,33(3):409-415.］ ［34］刘俊华,王文华,彭安.降水中汞及其他元素来源的识别分析［J］.环境科学,2000,21(2):77-80.［LIU Junhua,WANG Wenhua,PENG An.Sources identification of mercury and other elements in precipitation［J］.Environmental Science,2000,21(2):77-80.］ ［35］WILLEY J D,KIEBER R J,EYMAN M S,et al.Rainwater dissolved organic carbon: concentrations and global flux［J］.Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2000,14(1):139-148. ［36］AVERY G B,BROWN J L D,WILLEY J D,et al.Assessment of rainwater volatile organic carbon in Southeastern North Carolina,USA［J］.Atmospheric Environment,2009,43(16):2678-2681. ［37］邹宇,邓雪娇,李菲,等.广州大气中异戊二烯浓度变化特征,化学活性和来源分析［J］.环境科学学报,2015,35(3):647-655.［ZOU Yu,DENG Xuejiao,LI Fei,et al.Variation characterisitics,chemical reactivity and sources of isoprene in the atmosphere of Guangzhou［J］.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(3):647-655.］ ［38］徐彩丽,罗春乐,薛跃君,等.山东省降雨和降雪中溶解有机碳、溶解无机碳和总氮的浓度变化及来源分析［J］.环境科学学报,2016,36(2):658-666.［XU Caili,LUO Chunle,XUE Yuejun,et al.Concentration and source assessment of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon and dissolved nitrogen in snow and rainfalls in Shandong Province［J］.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(2):658-666.］ ［39］TU J,WANG H,ZHANG Z,et al.Trends in chemical composition of precipitation in Nanjing,China,during 1992—2003［J］.Atmospheric Research,2005,73(3):283-298. ［40］YANG F M,HE K B,LEI Y,et al.Chemical characters of atmospheric precipitation in Beijing in years of 2001—2003［J］.China Environmental Science,2004,24(5):538-541. ［41］CAO Y Z,WANG S,ZHANG G,et al.Chemical characteristics of wet precipitation at an urban site of Guangzhou,South China［J］.Atmospheric Reserarch,2009,94(3):462-469. ［42］OKUDA T,IWASE T,UEDA H,et al.Long-term trend of chemical consituents in precipitation in Tokyo metroolitan area,Japan,from 1990 to 2002［J］.Science of the Total Environment,2005,339(1):127-141. ［43］LEE B K,HONG S H,LEE D S.Chemical composition of precipitation and wet deposition of major ions on the Korean peninsula ［J］.Atmospheric Environment,2000,34(4):563-575. ［44］BASAK B,ALAGHA O.The chemical composition of rainwater over Büyük-ekmece Lake,Istanbul［J］.Atmospheric Research,2004,71(4):275-288.
Options
Outlines

/

〈 〉