Temporal and spatial changes of glaciers and glacier lakes and its response to climate change in Poiqu Basin during 1990—2020
Received date: 2023-09-21
Revised date: 2024-01-02
Online published: 2024-05-30
Utilizing Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI imagery and digital elevation model (DEM) data, this study extracted the boundaries of glaciers and glacial lakes in Poiqu Basin, Xigaze City, Xizang Autonomous Region, China from 1990 to 2020 through the ratio threshold method and visual interpretation. The distribution and variation of glaciers and glacial lakes over three decades were analyzed, alongside the exploration of their co-evolution and response to climate change within the basin. The findings revealed: (1) A notable acceleration in glacier shrinkage within the Poiqu Basin over the last decade, with glaciers primarily situated between 5500 m and 6100 m. While the count of large-scale glaciers (≥10 km2) remained constant, small-scale glaciers (≤0.5 km2) exhibited an upward trend. (2) Both the number and area of glacial lakes witnessed a significant increase, with an expansion rate of 74.24%. Predominantly located between 4900 m and 5300 m, the expansion was more pronounced in larger glacial lakes (≥0.07 km2), whereas smaller lakes (≤0.03 km2) also saw a marked rise in numbers. (3) Glacial lakes connected to their parent glaciers emerged as the most significant type contributing to glacial lake expansion, registering a 72.08% increase. (4) The past 30 years have experienced a gradual temperature rise and a minor decline in precipitation. These climatic shifts, particularly the temperature increase and precipitation decrease, have been crucial in glacier retreat, while meltwater from glaciers has facilitated the expansion of glacial lakes. Through examining the distribution, changes, and interrelation of glaciers and glacial lakes in Poiqu Basin, this study aims to provide valuable data support for understanding glacier area dynamics and aiding in the prediction and mitigation of glacial lake outburst floods.
Key words： Poiqu Basin; glacier retreat; glacier lake expansion; climatic response
WANG Xiaoli , ZHOU Lingxiang , WANG Xiudong , HE Ying . Temporal and spatial changes of glaciers and glacier lakes and its response to climate change in Poiqu Basin during 1990—2020[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024 , 47(5) : 810 -819 . DOI: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.519
| [1] | Huggel C, Carey M, Emmer A, et al. Anthropogenic climate change and glacier lake outburst flood risk: Local and global drivers and responsibilities for the case of lake Palcacocha, Peru[J]. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 2020, 20(8): 2175-2193. |
| [2] | Rodriguez M, Ohlanders N, Pellicciotti F, et al. Estimating runoff from a glacierized catchment using natural tracers in the semi-arid Andes cordillera[J]. Hydrological Processes, 2016, 30(20): 3609-3626. |
| [3] | Armstrong R L, Rittger K, Brodzik M J, et al. Runoff from glacier ice and seasonal snow in High Asia: Separating melt water sources in river flow[J]. Regional Environmental Change, 2019, 19(5): 1249-1261. |
| [4] | 张正勇, 何新林, 刘琳, 等. 中国天山冰川生态服务功能及价值评估[J]. 地理学报, 2018, 73(5): 856-867. |
| [Zhang Zhengyong, He Xinlin, Liu Lin, et al. Ecological service functions and value estimation of glaciers in the Tianshan Mountains, China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2018, 73(5): 856-867. ] | |
| [5] | Immerzeel W W, Pellicciotti F, Bierkens M F P. Rising river flows throughout the twenty-first century in two Himalayan glacierized watersheds[J]. Nature Geoscience, 2013, 6(9): 742-745. |
| [6] | Yi G H, Deng W, Li A, et al. Response of lakes to climate change in Xainza Basin Tibetan Plateau using multi-mission satellite data from 1976 to 2008[J]. Journal of Mountain Science, 2015, 12(3): 604-613. |
| [7] | Yao T D. Glacial fluctuations and its impacts on lakes in the southern Tibetan Plateau[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2010, 55(20): 2071-2071. |
| [8] | Harrison S, Kargel J S, Huggel C, et al. Climate change and the global pattern of moraine-dammed glacial lake outburst floods[J]. The Cryosphere, 2018, 12(4): 1195-1209. |
| [9] | 李林, 边巴次仁, 赵炜, 等. 西藏喜马拉雅山脉中段冰湖变化与溃决特征分析: 以桑旺错和什磨错为例[J]. 冰川冻土, 2019, 41(5): 1036-1043. |
| [Li Lin, Bianba Ciren, Zhao Wei, et al. Analysis of change and outburst feature of glacial lake in the middle Himalayas of Tibet: Take Sangwang Co and Shimo Co as examples[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2019, 41(5): 1036-1043. ] | |
| [10] | Veh G, Korup O, Walz A. Hazard from Himalayan glacier lake outburst floods[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2020, 117(2): 907-912. |
| [11] | Jiang S, Nie Y, Liu Q, et al. Glacier change, supraglacial debris expansion and glacial lake evolution in the Gyirong River Basin, central Himalayas, between 1988 and 2015[J]. Remote Sensing, 2018, 10(7): 986, doi: 10.3390/rs10070986. |
| [12] | Tan C, Ma M, Kuang H. Spatial-temporal characteristics and climatic responses of water level fluctuations of global major lakes from 2002 to 2010[J]. Remote Sensing, 2017, 9(2): 150, doi: 10.3390/rs9020150 |
| [13] | 徐道明, 冯清华. 西藏喜马拉雅山区危险冰湖及其溃决特征[J]. 地理学报, 1989, 44(3): 343-351, 385-352. |
| [Xu Daoming, Feng Qinghua. Dangerous glacial lake and outburst features in Xizang Hymalayas[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1989, 44(3): 343-351, 385-352. ] | |
| [14] | 李震, 陈宁生, 张建平, 等. 波曲流域冰湖及其溃决灾害链特征分析[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 2014, 41(4): 143-152. |
| [Li Zhen, Chen Ningsheng, Zhang Jianping, et al. Characteristics of the disaster chain of outburst and glacier lakes in the Boiqu River Basin[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2014, 41(4): 143-152. ] | |
| [15] | 陈晓清, 崔鹏, 杨忠, 等. 近15 a喜玛拉雅山中段波曲流域冰川和冰湖变化[J]. 冰川冻土, 2005(6): 793-800. |
| [Chen Xiaoqing, Cui Peng, Yang Zhong, et al. Change in glaciers and glacier lakes in Boiqu River Basin, middle Himalayas during last 15 years[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2005(6): 793-800. ] | |
| [16] | Ji Q, Yang T, Li M, et al. Variations in glacier coverage in the Himalayas based on optical satellite data over the past 25 years[J]. Catena, 2022, 214: 106-240. |
| [17] | Chen L, Zhang W, Yi Y, et al. Long time-series glacier outlines in the three-rivers headwater region from 1986 to 2021 based on deep learning[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 2022, 15: 5734-5752. |
| [18] | Pandey A, Sarkar M S, Kumar M, et al. Retreat of Pindari glacier and detection of snout position using remote sensing technology[J]. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 2018, 11: 64-69. |
| [19] | Gao B C. NDWI: A normalized difference water index for remote sensing of vegetation liquid water from space[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 1996, 58(3): 257-266 |
| [20] | 汤远航, 李梦琦, 邓铃, 等. 1990—2020年朋曲流域冰川变化及其对气候变化的响应[J]. 干旱区地理, 2022, 45(1): 27-36. |
| [Tang Yuanhang, Li Mengqi, Deng Ling, et al. Glacier change and its response to climate change in Pumqu Basin during 1990—2020[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(1): 27-36. ] | |
| [21] | 雷鹏嗣, 王伟财, 张太刚. 1990—2020年那曲地区冰湖变化研究[J]. 北京师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 58(6): 936-943. |
| [Lei Pengsi, Wang Weicai, Zhang Taigang. Changes in glacial lakes in Naqu from 1990 to 2020[J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 2022, 58(6): 936-943. ] | |
| [22] | 李海, 杨成生, 惠文华, 等. 基于遥感技术的高山极高山区冰川冰湖变化动态监测——以西藏藏南希夏邦玛峰地区为例[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报, 2021, 32(5): 10-17. |
| [Li Hai, Yang Chengsheng, Hui Wenhua, et al. Changes of glaciers and glacier lakes in alpine and extremely alpine regions using remote sensing technology: A case study in the Shisha Pangma area of southern Tibet[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 2021, 32(5): 10-17. ] | |
| [23] | Sun M P, Liu S Y, Yao X J, et al. Glacier changes in the Qilian Mountains in the past half-century: Based on the revised First and Second Chinese Glacier Inventory[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2018, 28(2): 206-220. |
| [24] | 王康, 张廷军, 牟翠翠, 等. 从第三极到北极:气候与冰冻圈变化及其影响[J]. 冰川冻土, 2020, 42(1): 104-123. |
| [Wang Kang, Zhang Tingjun, Mou Cuicui, et al. From the Third Pole to the Arctic: Changes and impacts of the climate and cryosphere[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2020, 42(1): 104-123. ] | |
| [25] | 王琼, 王欣, 雷东钰, 等. 山地冰川演化与冰湖发育相互作用机制[J]. 冰川冻土, 2022, 44(3): 1041-1052. |
| [Wang Qiong, Wang Xin, Lei Dongyu, et al. The interaction mechanisms between mountain glacier evolution and glacial lake development[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2022, 44(3): 1041-1052. ] | |
| [26] | Wang W C, Xiang Y, Gao Y, et al. Rapid expansion of glacial lakes caused by climate and glacier retreat in the Central Himalayas[J]. Hydrological Processes, 2015, 29(6): 859-874. |
| [27] | 张伟华, 德吉央宗, 顿玉多吉, 等. 1995—2021年西藏萨普冰川-冰湖时空变化特征及气候响应分析[J]. 高原科学研究, 2023, 7(2): 10-20. |
| [Zhang Weihua, Deji Yangzong, Dunyu Duoji, et al. Analysis on spatiotemporal changes and climate response of the Sapu glacier and glacier lake in Tibet from year 1995 to 2021[J]. Plateau Science Research, 2023, 7(2): 10-20. ] |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
