This study extracted check dam information using GF-2 data in the Wuding River Basin in the northern Shaanxi Province of China. The cloud cover of every image was less than 5% because the identification of check dams became complicated due to disturbances from shadows. Using remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) technology, combined with the GF-2 satellite image of the Wuding River Basin, the situation of the silt dam in the study area collected from field surveys, and data is used to preprocess it to obtain vector data, and through comparison and analysis, we got interpretation sign of silt dam. Remote-sensing interpretation was conducted for the silt dam in the Wuding River Basin in the Yulin area; the main information, such as the number of silt dams, location of the silt dam, water surface area, and control area, were extracted using RS and GIS software. In total, 1257 silt lands were interpreted Batu spots, including 60 in Yuyang District, 85 in Hengshan District, 65 in Dingbian County, 19 in Jingbian County, 470 in Mizhi County, 99 in Zizhou County, 316 in Suide County, and 143 in Qingjian County. Divide an area of more than 1 hectare as large silt dams: 0.5-1.0 hectares as medium silt dams, and less than 0.5 hectares as small silt dams. After the interpretation, 79 were identified as large silt dams (6%); 228 as medium silt dams (18%); and 950 as small silt dams (76%). The results show that the silt dams are distributed in the four counties of Suide, Mizhi, Zizhou, and Qingjian in the lower reaches of the Wuding River, with the number of 1028, accounting for 81.78% and 38.74 hectares, accounting for 73.88%. Large and medium silt dams are distributed in Mizhi County, with the number of 48 and 94, respectively, accounting for 60.76% and 41.23%, respectively. Comparing and analyzing the distribution of silt dams using topography, climate, agriculture, and geological disasters shows that their distribution is related to these factors. Thus, the distribution law is summarized to support the maintenance and construction of silt dams in the future.