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干旱区地理 ›› 2018, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 1204-1213.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2018.06.08

• 气候与水文 • 上一篇    下一篇

冰川冰储量计算方法及发展趋势

高永鹏1, 姚晓军1, 刘时银2,3, 祁苗苗1, 宫鹏1, 安丽娜1, 李晓锋1, 段红玉1   

  1. 1 西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院, 甘肃 兰州 730070;
    2 云南省国际河流与跨境生态安全重点实验室, 云南 昆明 650091;
    3 云南大学国际河流与生态安全研究院, 云南 昆明 650500
  • 收稿日期:2018-08-11 修回日期:2018-10-02 出版日期:2018-11-25
  • 通讯作者: 姚晓军.E-mail:yaoxj_nwnu@163.com
  • 作者简介:高永鹏(1990-),男,甘肃省平凉人,硕士研究生,主要从事地理信息技术与冰冻圈变化研究.E-mail:gaoyongpeng_geogis@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    科技部科技基础性工作专项(2013FY111400);国家自然科学基金项目(41261016,41561016);中国科学院冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLCS-OP-2016-10);西北师范大学青年教师科研能力提升计划项目(NWNU-LKQN-14-4)共同资助

Methods and future trend of ice volume calculation of glacier

GAO Yong-peng1, YAO Xiao-jun1, LIU Shi-yin2,3, QI Miao-miao1, GONG Peng1, AN Li-na1, LI Xiao-feng1, DUAN Hong-yu1   

  1. 1 College of Geography and Environment Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China;
    2 Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China;
    3 Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
  • Received:2018-08-11 Revised:2018-10-02 Online:2018-11-25

摘要: 冰川冰储量不仅是冰川的重要属性,而且是核算冰川水资源及预测冰川变化的基础数据,因此准确计算冰川冰储量及其变化具有重要的理论与现实意义。目前冰川储量估算的主要方法有经验公式法、冰厚模型估算法、探地雷达法;冰川储量相对变化计算方法有实地测量法和遥感监测法。通过系统分析和讨论各计算方法的原理、现状及存在的问题,以期为冰川储量估算提供方法参考。研究表明:对于冰川冰储量计算而言,经验公式法适用于区域性或全球性的冰川储量估算;模型估算法适用于个体或小范围冰川储量估算;探地雷达法适用于人类易到达区域冰川储量的估算。对于冰川冰储量相对变化计算,实地测量法适用于对精度要求高且满足实地测量条件的单条或中小型冰川,遥感监测法适用于全球性冰储量变化估算,但需改进算法和提高数据空间分辨率。目前,随着无人机技术的逐步应用,以及冰川流速等理论模型的提出,为冰川冰储量估算方法的发展提供了新契机。

关键词: 冰川, 冰川储量, 冰川厚度, 物质平衡, 计算方法

Abstract: Ice volume is not only the crucial glacier property but also the foundational data in computing glacial water resources and predicting glacial change.Therefore,it is of vitally theoretical and practical significance for exactly computing glacier volume and variation.In this paper,we analyzed and discussed the principles,developments and problems of existing methods in order to provide the reference for the estimation of glacier volume.At present,major methods of estimating glacier volume include volume-area empirical formula method,method of ice thickness estimation models and GPR,and computational methods to estimate relative change of glacier volume include mainly the field measurement,the estimation method based on remotely sensed data and gravimetric method.The volume-area empirical formula method was used to estimate regional or global glacier volume simply and fleetly;the method of ice thickness estimation models were suitable to estimate single or small-scale glacier volume and do not need the input of measured data.The GPR was applied to estimate glacier volume where human beings can reach easily.The field measurement with the most accurate result fits to estimate glacier volume change specifically for single glacier as well as small or medium-sized glaciers that require the high accuracy and meet the conditions of field measurement.The method based on remotely sensed data is applicable to estimate glacier volume change globally,so it needs to improve the algorithm and enhance the spatial resolution of the data.GRACE has the characteristic of wide coverage but has a low spatial resolution,so it is necessary to modify the spherical harmonic domain and spatial domain and improve the spatial resolution when applied to small regional glaciers.With the emergence of new technology and theory,the multi-disciplinary fusion provides new opportunities for the improvement of the estimation accuracy of glacier volume.The development of the estimation models and continuous supplement of the glacier inventory data offer new chances and data support for estimation of glacier volume.

Key words: glacier, glacier volume, glacier thickness, mass balance, calculation method

中图分类号: 

  • P931.4