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2021 , Vol. 44 >Issue 5: 1427 - 1437

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.05.23

生物与土壤

祁连山典型灌丛群落结构特征及其多样性研究

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  • 1.甘肃省祁连山水源涵养林研究院,甘肃 张掖 734000
    2.甘肃农业大学林学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
    3.甘肃祁连山森林生态监测与评估国际科技合作基地,甘肃 张掖 734000
    4.西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西 咸阳 712100
马剑（1986-）,男,博士,高级工程师,主要从事森林与土壤生态研究. E-mail: 405153416@qq.com

收稿日期: 2020-12-15

  修回日期: 2021-04-16

  网络出版日期: 2021-09-22

基金资助

甘肃省陇原青年创新创业人才项目;甘肃省自然科学基金项目(20JR5RE641);国家重点研发计划项目子课题(2019YFC0507404);国家社科基金项目(19BGL193);甘肃省自然科学基金重大项目(18JR4RA002)

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Structural characteristics and diversity of typical shrub communities in Qilian Mountains

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  • 1. Academy of Water Resources Conservation Forests in Qilian Mountains of Gansu Province, Zhangye 734000, Gansu, China
    2. College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    3. International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Forest Ecological Monitoring and Assessment in Qilian Mountain, Gansu Province, Zhangye 734000, Gansu, China
    4. College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China

Received date: 2020-12-15

  Revised date: 2021-04-16

  Online published: 2021-09-22

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摘要

灌丛群落作为祁连山森林生态系统的重要组成部分,在维护西北地区生态安全方面扮演着不可或缺的角色。系统地研究祁连山地区灌丛群落结构特征对阐明灌丛群落的更新、演替和稳定具有十分重要的意义,可为祁连山区森林生态系统的保护、恢复与重建提供基础数据和科学依据。选择分布在祁连山大野口流域的甘青锦鸡儿（Caragana tangutica）、鲜黄小檗（Berberis diaphana）、金露梅（Potentilla fruticosa）、鬼箭锦鸡儿（Caragana jubata）和吉拉柳（Salix gilashanica）5种典型灌丛群落为研究对象,通过野外调查取样和室内分析,主要研究了5种典型灌丛群落的物种组成、生活型组成和物种多样性的变化规律。结果表明：（1） 祁连山大野口流域灌丛群落组成较为简单,只出现了48种植物,隶属于26科,38属,以蔷薇科、禾本科、菊科和豆科等西北干旱区优势科的数量居多。（2） 生活型谱均以地面芽植物所占比例最大,为37.09%,地上芽植物所占比例最少,为4.00%。（3） 整体上看,灌丛群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H）变化范围为1.12~2.26,Simpson多样性指数（D）变化范围为0.60~0.74,其物种多样性指数较低,物种组成较为简单,其中不同灌丛群落H多样性指数表现为金露梅>鬼箭锦鸡儿>鲜黄小檗>甘青锦鸡儿>吉拉柳,D多样性指数表现为金露梅>鬼箭锦鸡儿>吉拉柳>鲜黄小檗>甘青锦鸡儿。（4） 不同的生境条件导致群落多样性层间结构存在差异,除鬼箭锦鸡儿群落,多样性指数均为草本层>灌木层,而鬼箭锦鸡儿群落中灌木层和草本层的物种多样性指数较为接近,物种组成灌草均一。

关键词： 灌丛群落; 物种多样性; 群落结构; 生活型; 祁连山

本文引用格式

马剑,刘贤德,何晓玲,王顺利,贺永岩,武秀荣,赵晶忠,马雪娥 . 祁连山典型灌丛群落结构特征及其多样性研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2021 , 44(5) : 1427 -1437 . DOI: 10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.05.23

Abstract

Shrub community is an essential part of the forest ecosystem in Qilian Mountains, playing an indispensable role in maintaining ecological security in Northwestern China. The systematic study of shrub community structure is important for clarifying the renewal succession and stability of the shrub community. This can provide fundamental data and a scientific basis for protecting, restoring, and reconstructing the forest ecosystem in Qilian Mountains. In this study, we selected five typical shrub communities, including Caragana tangutica, Berberis diaphana, Potentilla fruticosa, Caragana jubata, and Salix gilashanica. They were distributed in the Dayekou watershed of Qilian Mountains and selected as the research topic. The species composition, life form compositions, and species diversity of five typical shrub communities were studied by field investigation and indoor analysis. The results showed that (1) The composition of shrub communities was relatively simple in the northern piedmont of central Qilian Mountains. Only 48 species belong to 38 genera and 26 families, but most plants belong to Rosaceae, Gramineae, Compositae, and Leguminosae, which are characteristic families in the arid region of northwest China. (2) In the life form of five typical shrub communities, the proportion of ground bud plants was the largest (37.09%), and the proportion of aboveground buds was the least (4.00%). (3) Overall, the Shannon-Weiner diversity index and Simpson's diversity index ranged from 1.12 to 2.26 and 0.60 to 0.74 of shrub communities, respectively. The Shannon-Weiner diversity index of different shrub communities showed Potentilla fruticose>Caragana jubata>Berberis diaphana>Caragana tangutica>Salix gilashanica. The Simpson's diversity index of different shrub communities showed Potentilla fruticose>Caragana jubata>Salix gilashanica>Berberis diaphana>Caragana tangutica. (4) Different habitat conditions lead to differences in the interstratum structure of community diversity, except for the Caragana jubata community, where the diversity index is herb layer>shrub layer. In contrast, the species diversity index of the shrub and herb layers in the Caragana jubata community is relatively similar, and the species composition of shrubs and herbs is homogeneous.

Key words： shrub communities; species diversity; structural characteristics; life form; Qilian Mountains

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