研究大风日数变化对区域气候变化、防灾减灾和风能开发具有重要意义。基于1961-2018年内蒙古及周边地区85个气象观测站的大风资料,采用统计方法对内蒙古地区大风日数时空分布特征进行分析。结果表明：（1） 58 a来,内蒙古大风日数总体呈显著减少趋势,气候倾向率为-16.52 d·(10a)^-1。各季节中春季大风日数最多,占全年大风日数的44.30%,且减少最显著[-6.24 d·(10a)^-1];各级大风中6级大风日数最多,占总大风日数的80.93%,且减少最显著[-11.99 d·(10a)^-1]。（2） 内蒙古地区大风日数空间分布呈中部多、东北西南少的格局。大风日数发生较多的地区分布在锡林郭勒盟、乌兰察布市与赤峰市,较少的地区分布在鄂尔多斯市和呼和浩特市。（3） 6级和7级大风日数多集中在中部市/盟,8级及以上大风日数分布在西部与东部市/盟,各市/盟均表现为减少趋势,乌兰察布市气候倾向率最大,为-5.49 d·(10a)^-1,呼和浩特市最小,仅-0.01 d·(10a)^-1。

Research on changes in strong wind days is important for regional climate change, disaster prevention and mitigation, and wind energy development. Therefore, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of strong wind days in Inner Mongolia, China were analyzed using statistical methods based on daily wind speed data of 85 meteorological stations in and around Inner Mongolia from 1961 to 2018. The results showed that: (1) Over the past 58 years, the number of strong wind days in Inner Mongolia decreased overall, and the climate tendency rate was -16.52 d·(10a)^-1. On a seasonal scale, the number of strong spring wind days was the largest, accounting for 44.30% of the year, the most significant decline [-6.24 d·(10a)^-1] of all seasons. On a wind level scale, strong wind days of level 6 were the most frequent, accounting for 80.93% of all strong wind days, the most significant decline [-11.99 d·(10a)^-1] of all levels. (2) The spatial distribution of strong wind days was large in the central part of Inner Mongolia and small in the northeastern and southwestern parts. Strong wind days occurred more frequently in Xilin Gol League, Ulanqab City, and Chifeng City but less frequently in Ordos City and Hohhot City. (3) Level 6 strong wind days were mainly concentrated in central cities, and level 8 (and higher) strong wind days were distributed in western and eastern cities. All cities showed a decreasing trend. Ulanqab City showed the highest climate trend rate of -5.49 d·(10a)^-1, and Hohhot City showed the lowest trend rate of -0.01 d·(10a)^-1.