近年来,随着气候变化,伊犁河谷积雪消融加快,极端水文事件的频度和强度也在加大。通过利用中国科学院天山积雪站附近小流域的土壤水热和积雪融雪观测数据,对研究区积雪消融规律、冻土水热变化特征及其对气温和融雪量的响应进行了分析。结果表明：在冻土融解阶段,土壤温度的变化依赖大气温度的变化,而土壤水分受融雪量和气温的影响较大,高度相关。表层土壤含水率的变幅最大,而深层土壤水分值较稳定,土壤水热的季节性变化自秋-冬-春大致呈现“下降-平稳-上升”的趋势。在冻土层上边界,土壤含水率随着累积融雪量的增加而增加并达到饱和值,而冻土层下边界（40 cm深度）土壤水分保持非饱和稳定状态。在山区,降雪量是水资源形成的主要来源。融雪量与大气温度的相关性显著（系数为0.785）,融雪量对水资源形成的贡献率为40%左右。研究冻土水热对融雪和气温的响应过程,对于新疆水资源形成机理、转化利用以及洪水预报具有重要的参考价值。

In recent years, the speed of snow melting has accelerated due to climate change. Thus, the frequency and intensity of extreme hydrological events have also increased, and the Ili River Valley has become a high-incidence area in Xinjiang, China for spring snow-melting floods. This study attempts to analyze the dynamic process of snow melting, the characteristics of the change in water and heat in frozen soil and its response to temperature, and the amount of snow melting that occurs in a short time scale during the whole year’s snow cover period by using the observed data regarding the soil temperature, humidity, and snow melting in the Araltobe watershed near the Tianshan Station for Snow Cover and Avalanche Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The results show that the snow melting in mountain areas can be divided into three stages, namely, the complete ablation stage, the incomplete melting stage, and the complete ablation stage. During the frozen soil thawing stage, the change in the soil temperature depends on the atmospheric temperature, and the soil moisture is highly correlated with the snow melting and temperature. The change in the soil moisture content is greater in the surface layer, whereas it remains relatively stable in the deep layer. The seasonal change of soil temperature and humidity from autumn to winter to spring generally follows a “descending, stabilizing, and rising” trend. In the upper layer of the frozen soil, the soil water content increases with the increase of the snow melting until it reaches the saturation value, whereas in the lower boundary (40 cm) of the frozen soil, the soil water content does not increase with the continuous increase of the accumulated snowmelt, but rather, it maintains a stable unsaturated water content, which indicates that the soil flow occurs in the shallow surface layer (0-40 cm) after the snowmelt water infiltrates into the soil. Additionally, the results show that snowfall is the main source of water resources. The amount of snowmelt is significantly correlated with temperature (the correlation coefficient is 0.785), and the rate of the contribution of the snowmelt to the formation of the water resources is about 40%. The study of the response process of the frozen soil hydrothermal to the snowmelt and temperature is of important reference value in the formation mechanism of water resources and in the transformation and utilization of flood forecasting in Xinjiang.