在一带一路背景下,探索哈萨克斯坦城镇化与生态环境间的复杂关系具有重要的意义。通过运用熵技术支持下的变异系数法和多目标模糊隶属度函数分别对哈萨克斯坦城镇化与生态环境进行综合测度,构建综合指数,基于改进的Tapio脱钩分析模型分析了城镇化与生态环境的动态耦合关系并用阈值分析法分析其静态耦合关系。结果表明：（1） 哈萨克斯坦综合城镇化的高值主要分布于西部的石油开采区及中部与东北部的工业区,低值主要分布于以农业经济为特点的南部和北部的部分区域。（2） 生态环境综合水平高值分布于以服务业为主导、生态环境保护响应度较高的努尔苏丹市和阿拉木图市,低值则主要分布在碳排放相对活跃的西部油气开采区。（3） 2000—2015年哈萨克斯坦城镇化与生态环境的动态耦合关系主要为强解耦、弱解耦、强负解耦、衰退性解耦和扩张负解耦状态;总结归纳耦合机理发现,生态环境保护响应度、所处城镇化阶段、农业用水总量和国际外部经济环境是影响哈萨克斯坦城镇化与生态环境耦合关系的主要驱动因素。

With the rapid development of global industrialization and urbanization, more and more countries are emphasizing high quality urbanization development and environmental sustainability; however, few dynamic and static studies have conjointly synthetically analyzed the interaction relationship between regional urbanization and the ecological environment. Further, existing studies have rarely included the area from Kazakhstan to Central Asia in quantitative analyses. This paper uses an entropy variation coefficient method and multi-objective fuzzy membership functions to examine Kazakhstan to provide a comprehensive measure of urbanization and the ecological environment and to build a comprehensive index, based on the improved Tapio decoupling analysis model. The urbanization and ecological environment of the static and dynamic coupling relationship was then analyzed. The results indicate that the Kazakhstan urbanization space differentiation is largely influenced by industrial structures and population migration. The oil exploration area, with industry leading the regional urbanization level, is higher. The ecological environment space differentiation is influenced by both industrial structures and ecological environment protection. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows. (1) High values of comprehensive urbanization in Kazakhstan are primarily concentrated in the oil exploitation areas in the west and the industrial areas in middle and northeast Kazakhstan, while low values are primarily concentrated in the southern and part of the northern regions, which are characterized by an agricultural economy. (2) High values of the ecological environment comprehensive level are distributed in Nuer Sultan and Almaty, which are dominated by the service industry and are highly responsive to ecological environment protection, while low values are primarily distributed in the western oil and gas exploitation area with relatively active carbon emissions. (3) The dynamic coupling relationship between urbanization and the ecological environment in Kazakhstan from 2000 to 2015 is primarily in the states of strong decoupling, weak decoupling, strong negative decoupling, declining decoupling, and expansion negative decoupling. Under the influence of industrial structures and the responsiveness of the ecological environment, the dynamic coupling relationship kept changing from 2000 to 2015. Summarizing the coupling mechanism, it is found that the response to ecological environmental protection, urbanization, the total amount of agricultural water, and the international external economic environment are the main driving factors affecting the coupling relationship between urbanization and the ecological environment in Kazakhstan. This paper has an important theoretical significance for high quality development and the sustainable development of urbanization in Kazakhstan. In addition, it has important practical significance for China in the context of making targeted investments in Belt and Road countries.