探究不同生境下苜蓿产量对施肥的响应,为苜蓿种植提供理论依据。以中国为研究区域,以不施肥苜蓿为对照,通过检索文献整合已发表的相关田间试验数据,采用整合分析法（Meta-analysis）,系统探究苜蓿产量对不同肥料的响应及与生境的关系。结果表明：（1） 施肥均有显著增产效应（P<0.05）,增产率为15.4%~198.2%,其中尤以化肥与有机肥配施增产效果明显。（2） 不同降雨条件下施肥效果迥异,降雨量<400 mm的干旱半干旱地区单施氮肥对苜蓿的增产作用较低,应注重磷肥、钾肥和有机肥的施用;降雨量400~800 mm的半湿润区适宜施用有机肥,其增产率可达70.1%（P<0.05）;降雨量>800 mm的湿润区氮磷钾配施的增产效应最高,为29.2%（P<0.05）。（3） 土壤类型影响施肥的增产效应,肥力较低的土壤（栗钙土和黄绵土）单施有机肥可明显提高苜蓿产量;贫磷土壤（黑垆土）单施磷肥的增产率最高,为183.0%（P<0.05）。该研究可为不同降雨条件和不同土壤类型区苜蓿人工草地合理施肥措施的选择提供理论依据。

This paper aims to explore optimal alfalfa fertilizer application in different environments. To this end, a meta-analysis was conducted to determine how fertilization practices affect the yield of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and how this is impacted by fertilization management and the growth environment. A search of peer-reviewed publications was performed to collect data on the effects of fertilization on the yield of alfalfa grown in China. Specifically, field studies with and without fertilization treatment and with data on forage yield were obtained. A total of 78 publications containing 1031 observations from 61 sites were compiled into a dataset. The articles were selected from a corpus of studies published at home and abroad before May 2019. Key data, fertilizer types, annual precipitation, and soil types were abstracted from the selected articles, and the quantitative effects of fertilizer application on alfalfa yield were studied by meta-analysis. The analyses included a heterogeneity test, comprehensive effect size calculation, publication bias test, and influence factor analysis. Results showed that fertilization could improve alfalfa yields by 15.4%-198.2% because of increased soil nutrition. The combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers had an obvious effect on increasing alfalfa yield. Application of a single organic fertilizer significantly increased alfalfa yields compared with that in the control group by 69.9% (P<0.05). The response of alfalfa yield to fertilization varied according to the growth environment. The application of phosphate, potassium, and organic fertilizers should be emphasized during the planting of alfalfa in arid and semi-arid areas. The combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers is suitable for application to semi-arid areas, and the alfalfa yield increased by 50.5% (P<0.05). When potassium fertilizer was applied, the alfalfa yield in arid areas significantly increased compared that in the control group by 49.8% (P<0.05). The response of alfalfa yield to fertilization varied according to the soil type. Organic fertilizer was suitable for application to semi-humid areas, and alfalfa yields increased by 70.1% (P<0.05); this increase rate was much higher than that achieved by chemical fertilizer. Azophoska was suitable for application to humid areas, and alfalfa yields increased by 29.2% (P<0.05). Application of organic fertilizer to soils with low nutrient contents, such as chestnut and loessial soils, significantly improved alfalfa yields by 37.2% and 101.9% (P<0.05), respectively. Compared with other types of fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer increased the yield of alfalfa planted in dark loessial soils the most, and the alfalfa yield increased by 183.0% (P<0.05). The application of combined fertilizer was also suitable for saline fluvo-aquic soil, and alfalfa yields increased by 49.6%-50.9% (P<0.05). This increase rate was much higher than that obtained from single fertilization. The effect of chemical fertilizers on alfalfa yield was not significant when the crop was planted in lime concretion black soil. Our results suggest that fertilization enhances alfalfa yield. The combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers is an optimal strategy for increasing alfalfa yield. This strategy provides a means for farmers to enhance the sustainability of alfalfa systems through fertilization management.