地下水是维系荒漠河岸植被生存、生长的关键因子,对于退化植被的恢复具有重要的意义。结合塔里木河下游生态输水过程中地下水埋深的实测数据,详尽分析了2000—2020年地下水埋深的时空变化及对生态输水的响应。监测结果显示：在生态输水条件下,塔里木河下游河道两侧地下水埋深大幅抬升。（1） 在纵向上,自上游段的英苏、中游段的喀尔达依,至下游段的依干不及麻,在距河道100 m处,地下水埋深分别由输水前的7.76 m、9.31 m、7.82 m抬升至3.70 m、4.48 m和2.69 m;在距河道300 m处,地下水埋深分别由输水前的8.09 m、9.15 m、8.25 m抬升至4.53 m、5.00 m和3.29 m;在距河道500 m处,地下水埋深分别由输水前的8.21 m、9.45 m、9.08 m抬升至6.61 m、5.46 m和3.82 m。（2） 在垂直于河道方向上,根据地下水井监测数据,生态输水对塔里木河下游的上、中、下3个区段地下水位的影响范围均达到了1050 m,分别抬升了2.69 m、1.38 m、1.59 m。（3） 生态输水前期（2000—2009年）,上、中段地下水位抬升迅速,2009年以后,下游段依干不及麻地下水位抬升幅度明显高于英苏（0.88~4.65 m）和喀尔达依（0.53~4.07 m）。并且,70.5%监测井地下水位波动趋于稳定,说明间歇性的生态输水有助于抬高地下水埋深,是地下水补给的主要来源,对于维持地下水较高水位的动态平衡具有一定的促进作用。

Groundwater is a key factor for maintaining the survival and growth of desert riparian vegetation, which is essential for the restoration of degraded vegetation. In this study, based on the measured data of groundwater depth in the process of ecological water conveyance in the lower reaches of Tarim River in Xinjiang, China, the temporal and spatial changes of groundwater as well as its response to ecological water conveyance from 2000 to 2020 are analyzed. The monitoring results showed that groundwater depth on both sides of the lower reaches of Tarim River rose significantly under the condition of ecological water conveyance. (1) In the longitudinal direction, from Yingsu in the upstream section and Kaldayi in the middle section to Yiganyuma in the downstream section, at 100 m away from the river, the groundwater depth rises from 7.76 m, 9.31 m, 7.82 m to 3.70 m, 4.48 m and 2.69 m after water conveyance, respectively; at 300 m away from the river, the groundwater depth rises from 8.09 m, 9.15 m, 8.25 m to 4.53 m, 5.00 m and 3.29 m after water conveyance, respectively; at 500 m away from the river, the groundwater depth rises from 8.21 m, 9.45 m, 9.08 m to 6.61 m, 5.46 m and 3.82 m after water conveyance, respectively. (2) In the vertical direction of the river, according to the monitoring data of underground wells, the influence range of ecological water conveyance on the groundwater depth of the upper, middle, and lower reaches of Tarim River reached 1050 m and water level rising of 2.69 m, 1.38 m and 1.59 m, respectively. (3) In the early stage of ecological water conveyance (2000—2009), the groundwater depth in the upper and middle reaches of the river rose rapidly. After 2009, the groundwater depth in the lower reaches of the river was significantly higher than that in Yingsu (0.88-4.65 m) and Kaldayi (0.53-4.07 m). Moreover, the groundwater depth fluctuation of 70.5% monitoring wells tended to be stable. It shows that intermittent ecological water conveyance is helpful in raising the groundwater depth, which is the main source of groundwater recharge and has a certain role in maintaining the dynamic balance of higher groundwater levels.