通过利用2010年1月—2016年12月CALIOP（the Cloud-aerosol lidar with orthogonal polarization）冰云和气溶胶3级月平均产品和MODIS（Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer）大气3级日平均产品研究气溶胶和冰云空间分布特征及气溶胶对冰云的影响。结果表明：纬度与冰云的分布密切相关,在热带附近的高空区域冰云样本数存在极大值区,随着纬度增加,冰云样本数的最大值和大值区所处的高度也在逐渐减小,且南北半球存在差异;气溶胶在地面附近以赤道为对称的低纬度地区存在极大值,北半球气溶胶能发展到5 km左右,而南半球在3 km左右;气溶胶与冰云随时间变化趋势较为一致,冰水含量和冰云粒子半径随时间变化存在相反的关系,气溶胶与冰水含量和冰云粒子半径的变化在时间上没有较好对应;清洁区域由于海盐粒子作用表现出较大的气溶胶光学厚度,但这不影响清洁区具有较小的冰云光学厚度;气溶胶促进了0 ℃~-10 ℃和-20 ℃~ -40 ℃之间的冰云形成;随着温度降低,云中冰水含量减小,冰云粒子半径增大,在污染区域,冰水含量相对于清洁区域更小,冰云粒子半径也小于清洁区域。

The interactions between aerosol and clouds have an important impact on the climate system and are significant challenges in climate research. Previous studies discussed the interactions between aerosols and water clouds, but the influence of aerosols on ice clouds was not considered. The present study examined four regions in the northern and southern hemispheres to determine the influence of aerosols on ice clouds from January 2010 to December 2016; the global distribution of ice clouds was also studied. This study applied the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) ice clouds product level-3 data (CAL_LID_ L3_Ice_Cloud) and aerosol product level-3 data (CAL_LID_L3_APro) and moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) cloud product level-3 data (MOD08_D3) to analyze the influence of aerosols on ice clouds and the global distribution of ice clouds from January 2010 to December 2016. Satellites are a useful tool to detect ice clouds because the thin optical depth, height of ice clouds, aircraft, and ground-based remote sensing are difficult to observe. The four regions were divided into clean and contaminated areas based on the differences in the aerosol sample numbers. The main conclusions were as follows. The latitude is closely related to the distribution of ice clouds. The highest number of ice cloud samples was observed in the high altitude area near the tropics. The maximum number of ice cloud samples and the height of the maximum number decreased gradually as the latitude increased. Different ice cloud samples were obtained from the northern and southern hemispheres. The aerosols showed a maximum near the ground at low latitudes, which was symmetrical at the equator. Aerosols can develop to approximately five kilometers in the northern hemisphere, whereas they develop at approximately three kilometers in the southern hemisphere. The trend of aerosols was consistent with ice clouds; there was an inverse relationship between ice water content and the effective radius of the ice clouds with time. The trend of aerosols did not correspond well to the ice water content and the effective radius of ice clouds. The clean area showed a large aerosol optical thickness due to sea salt particles, but this did not affect the optical thickness of smaller ice clouds in that area. Aerosols promoted ice cloud formation from 0 ℃ to -10 ℃ and -20 ℃ to -40 ℃. The ice water content and effective radius of the ice cloud increased with decreasing temperature. The ice water content and the effective radius of the ice cloud were smaller in the contaminated area than in the clean area.