河西内陆河流域水生态安全评价研究
收稿日期: 2020-01-19
修回日期: 2020-12-19
网络出版日期: 2021-03-09
基金资助
甘肃省重点研发计划(18YF1FA081)
Evaluation of water ecological security in Hexi inland river basin
Received date: 2020-01-19
Revised date: 2020-12-19
Online published: 2021-03-09
水安全评价相关研究已有较多成果,但绝大多数采用P-S-R（压力-状态-响应）及其扩展模型,且评价指标体系的优化校准几乎从未提及。本文将W-SENCE（与水有关的社会-经济-自然复合生态系统）模型引入水生态安全评价领域,从水生态安全的自然属性和社会经济属性方面构建水生态安全评价指标体系,结合模糊系统分析及改进生态位理论对指标体系分析、优化,以优化后指标体系对河西内陆河流域2014—2017年的水生态安全状况模糊综合评价。结果表明：指标B3（工业增加值）、B13（河川基流量）、B17（产水系数）、B20（引水量）的改进生态位宽度值相对最大,对指标体系影响相对最小,建立优化指标体系时剔除。优化后指标体系中,指标C11（多年平均降水量）、C16（蓄水量）、C17（地表水源供应量）、C18（地下水资源供应量）、C24（生态环境用水量）、C29（节水灌溉面积）权重最大,为流域水生态安全主要影响因子,表明加大水利基础设施投入,发展节水灌溉农业,保护生态环境是提高内陆河流域水生态安全状况的最有效措施。2014—2017年,黑河流域水生态安全状况持续好转,石羊河和疏勒河流域水生态安全状况均呈持续恶化趋势,应作为重点治理区域,内陆河流域水生态安全状况“整体改善,局部恶化”趋势仍在持续。结果可为河西内陆河流域水行政、生态环境管理、生态风险决策提供理论支持。
戴文渊,陈年来,李金霞,张芮 . 河西内陆河流域水生态安全评价研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2021 , 44(1) : 89 -98 . DOI: 10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.01.10
The Hexi Corridor is located in the middle of China, in the depression between the Tibetan Plateau and the Inner Mongolia Plateau; the Siberian High is unimpeded here. The ecology of the Hexi Corridor directly affects the overall ecological situation of China. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to evaluate water security in the inland river basins of the Hexi Corridor. Most research on water security used the traditional pressure-state-response model and its extended model; the optimization and calibration of an evaluation index system have hardly been mentioned. This article introduces the society-economic-water ecological composite system model for water security evaluation. This water ecological security evaluation index system was constructed from natural and socio-economic attributes of water security, and the index system was optimized by fuzzy system analysis and improved niche theory. The optimized and calibrated index system was used for the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of the water security of inland river basins in the Hexi Corridor from 2014 to 2017. The improved niche theory was used to calculate the niche width of the evaluation index. The improved niche width values of B3 (industrial added value), B13 (river base flow), B17 (water yield coefficient), and B20 (water diversion) were the largest, which have relatively little influence on the index system. They were eliminated in the optimized index system. Fuzzy system analysis was used to calculate the weight of the evaluation index. In the optimized index system, indexes C11 (perennial average precipitation), C16 (water storage), C17 (surface water supply), C18 (groundwater resource supply), C24 (ecological environment water consumption), and C29 (water-saving irrigation area) have the largest cumulative index weight, at 36.18%. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation index of water security in the Heihe River Basin was above 0.45. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation index of the Shiyang River Basin decreased from 0.5 in 2014 to <0.3 in 2017. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation index of the Shule River Basin hovers around 0.2. The results showed that increasing investment in water conservation, developing water-saving irrigated agriculture, and protecting the ecological environment were the most effective measures to improve water security in inland river basins. From 2014 to 2017, the water security situation in the Heihe River Basin improved, whereas the water security in the Shiyang and Shule River Basins has deteriorated. These basins should be taken as key governance areas, so the trend of the overall improvement and partial deterioration of water security in inland river basins continues. The results provided theoretical and data support for water administration and environmental management departments in the Hexi Corridor to make ecological risk decisions and provided new ideas for the high-quality development of Gansu Province river basins.
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