宁夏回族自治区作为我国唯一的省级回族集聚地区,是一个很独特的地理-人口-交通单元,也是连接华北和西北的重要节点。以宁夏的交通路网数据为基础,通过设置阻抗改进网络分析法,并结合成本距离算法和GIS空间分析计算2011、2017年和2023年的县（区）可达性,研究全区路网的空间结构特征,并提出路网发展的决策建议。研究表明：宁夏已经构建路网的主骨架,但路网发展不均衡,北部的路网建设优于南部;县（区）的平均可达性由2011年的4.02 h缩短为2017年的3.75 h,路网可达性迅速提升,时空收敛效应显著;县（区）可达性的差异不断减小,全区路网空间结构的均衡性逐步增强。宁夏应重点建设以银川为中心的运输通道,通过加快南部地区的铁路建设来进一步优化全区路网布局,为全区的经济社会发展和“一带一路”建设提供运输支撑。

Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is an important transportation node connecting northern and northwestern China, where a purpose-built road network can accelerate regional development. The accessibility of counties in 2011, 2017, and 2023 (projected) was calculated based on the road network of Ningxia, by using an improved network analysis method, cost distance algorithm, and ArcGIS spatial analysis. The road network in the whole region was analyzed for the spatial distribution of accessibility characteristics, and suggestions for future road construction are put forward. The results are as follows: (1) The road network in Ningxia forms a cross, which is generally characterized as strong in the north and weak in the south, because the layout is unbalanced. The spatial structure of the road network in Ningxia is affected by both economic and natural factors. (2) Access time between northern counties is shorter than that of southern counties. The road network in the south is the key area for road construction in the future. (3) A traditional network analysis method is optimized using the consideration of transfer time, by setting impedance, which makes the accessibility calculation more scientific and reasonable. (4) The average accessibility of counties was reduced from 4.02 h in 2011 to 3.75 h in 2017 and is expected to be 2.72 h in 2023. The accessibility of the road network in the whole region is constantly improving. There are differences in the range of improvement, and the accessibility of southern nodes is obviously improved. (5) Compared with 2011, the accessibility difference between counties is decreasing, so the balance in the spatial pattern of road networks in the whole region is gradually increasing. (6) Ningxia should shift its attention to build both inner and outer transportation channels centered on Yinchuan, and road construction in the south should be accelerated to optimize the road network layout of the whole region.