通过对南疆三地州 7 个易地扶贫搬迁安置点进行调研，定量分析了搬迁前后影响产业发展 的主要生计资本变化情况，分析认为搬迁安置点具备了产业发展的基础和条件。移民搬迁后依托 产业园区、设施农业、新开发土地、特色资源等发展优势产业，结合案例总结了 6 种产业发展模式， 每种产业模式都有特色产业及发展条件。移民就业渠道少、土地流转比例低及适应新产业难成为 制约后续产业的发展主要因素，为促进后续产业的发展，根据安置地情况，为移民提供更多就业渠 道，提高搬迁移民的就业技能。
Through an investigation of seven settlement sites for relocated impoverished residents in Kashgar, Kizil? su Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture, and Khotan in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, a quantitative analysis is made on livelihood capital changes in migrants before and after relocation. Research shows that migrant livelihood capitals, which include natural, human, and material capital, increased after relocation, whereas social capital de? creased. Overall, relocated migrants in three prefectures in south Xinjiang acquired certain conditions and a basis for industrial development. After relocation they developed competitive industries, relying on industrial parks, agri? culture facilities, and the development of new land and featured resources. Based on the cases, the analysis conclud? ed six modes of industrial development, each of involved one or two leading industries. At the same time, advantag? es, development conditions, and constraints of different modes of industrial development are analyzed. The study found that industrial development in settlement sites is mainly constrained by limited employment opportunities for migrants and a lack of enthusiasm among migrants for land transfer. It is thus concluded that, to enable subsequent industrial development after relocation, competent authorities should take advantage of local competitive resources based on the resource endowments of settlement sites and determine appropriate modes for industrial development, constantly improve migrant working skills, and increase employment opportunities for migrants to prevent accumula? tion of migrants at settlement sites due to a lack of jobs and working skills.
[1] 孟向京. 三江源生态移民选择性及对三江源生态移民效果影响 评析[J]. 人口与发展, 2011, (4): 2-8. [MENG Xiangjing. Analysis on characteristics of ecological migrants in Sanjiangyuan area in China and its effects on ecological migration project[J]. Opulation and Development, 2011, (4): 2-8. ] [2] 葛根高娃. 关于内蒙古牧区生态移民政策的探讨——以锡林郭 勒盟苏尼特右旗生态移民为例[J]. 学习与探索, 2006, (3): 61- 64. [GE Gengaowa. Exploration on policies of ecomigration in pas⁃ toral areas of Inner Mongolia: A case study of ecomigration of So⁃ nid Right Banner, Xilingol[J]. Magazine Office of Study and Explo⁃ ration, 2006, (3): 61-64. ] [3] 侯茂章, 周璟. 湖南省易地扶贫搬迁后续产业发展研究[J]. 经济 地理, 2017, (8): 177-181. [HOU Maozhang, ZHOU Jing. The fol⁃ low-up industry development of the poverty alleviation and reloca⁃ tion in Hunan Provinc[J]. Economic Geography, 2017, (8): 177- 181. ] [4] 王芳, 栾福明, 杨兆萍, 等. 新疆天山遗产地居民对生态移民的 感 知 及 满 意 度 研 究 [J]. 干 旱 区 地 理, 2019, 42（3）: 653- 663. [WANG Fang, LU Fuming, YANG Zhaoping, et al. Residents’per⁃ ception and satisfaction on ecological migration in Xinjiang Tian⁃ shan heritage site[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2019, 42(3): 653- 663. ] [5] 张丽君, 王菲. 中国西部牧区生态移民后续发展对策探析[J]. 中 央 民 族 大 学 学 报 ( 哲 学 社 会 科 学 版), 2011, 38(4): 31- 36. [ZHANG Lijun, WANG Fei. A probe into the developmental coun⁃ termeasure after ecological migration in the western pasturing re⁃ gion of China[J]. Journal of Minzu University of China (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 201, 38(4): 31-36. ] [6] ROSS S, WALL G. Evaluating ecotourism: The case of North Su- lawesi, Indonesia[J]. Tourism Management, 1999, 20(6): 673-682. [7] GOFFMAN.Ethan Environmental refugees: How many, how bad [J]. CSA Discovery Guides, 2006, (7): 1-15. [8] 税伟, 徐国伟, 兰肖雄, 等. 生态移民国外研究进展[J]. 世界地理 研 究, 2012, (1): 150- 157. [SHUI Wei, XU Guowei, LAN Xiaox⁃ iong, et al. A review of study on ecological migrant[J]. World Re⁃ gional Studies, 2012, (1): 150-157. ] [9] SEN.Amartya Poverty: An ordinal approach to measurement[J]. Econometrica, 1976, (44): 219-231. [10] 何家理, 马治虎, 陈绪熬. 秦巴山区退耕还林后续产业发展实证 研究———基于陕、川、渝三省（市）后续产业现状调查[J]. 政 治 经 济 学 评 论, 2015, 5（2）: 211- 224. [HE Jiali, MA Zhihu, CHEN Xuao. Empirical study on follow- up industry development in Qinba mountain area after returning farmland to forest from the perspective of comparative advantage theory: Based on the investi⁃ gation of the present condition of the follow-up industry in Shanxi, Sichuan, and Chongqing[J]. China Review of Political Economy, 2015, 5(2): 211-224. ] [11] 骆桂花. 三江源生态移民安置与后续产业发展的社会调查[J]. 青海民族学院学报（社会科学版）, 2009, 35（2）: 81-86. [LUO Guihua. Investigation on the Three Rivers Ecological resettlement and the industry’s follow-up of development[J]. Journal of Qinghai Nationalities University(Social Sciences), 2009, 35(2): 81-86. ] [12] 赵宏利, 陈修文, 姜越. 生态移民后续产业发展模式研究——以 三江源国家级自然保护区为例[J]. 生态经济, 2009, (7): 105- 108. [ZHAO Hongli, CHEN Xiuwen, JIANG Yue. Eco- industrial development model immigrants follow-up study: national nature re⁃ serve as an example to Sanjiangyuan[J]. Ecological Economy, 2009, (7): 105-108. ] [13] 任善英, 朱广印. 三江源生态移民后续产业发展机制研究[J]. 生 态 经 济, 2012, (10): 107- 110. [REN Shanying, ZHU Guangyin. The follow-Up industry development mechanism of ecological mi⁃ gration in Three River Sources Area[J]. Ecological Economy, 2012, (10): 107-110. ] [14] 李生. 内蒙古草原生态移民的后续产业发展状况分析[J]. 黑龙 江民族丛刊, 2014, (1): 101-105. [LI Sheng. Analysis on the situ⁃ ation of subsequent industry development of Inner Mongolia grass⁃ land ecological immigration[J]. Heilongjiang National Series, 2014, (1): 101-105. ] [15] 谢大伟. 新疆牧民集中定居后面临的生活、生活新困境及完善 之路——基于“Y 市 L 定居点”的调研[J]. 新疆社会科学, 2018, (6): 142-151. [XIE Dawei. Difficulties in production and life faced by herdsmen in Xinjiang after their centralized settlement and the solution: Based on research on L settlement point in Y city[J]. So⁃ cial sciences in Xinjiang, 2018, (6): 142-151. ] [16] 孔德帅, 胡振通, 焦金寿, 等. 不同类型牧区后续产业发展模式 研究——以甘肃省天祝县为例[J]. 农村经济, 2014, (6): 60-64. [KONG Deshuai, HU Zhentong, Jiao Jinshou, et al. Study on the development model of follow-up industry in different types of pas⁃ toral areas: Take Tianzhu County of Gansu Province as an example [J]. Rural Economy, 2014, (6): 60-64. ] [17] 陈忠祥, 陈亮. 试论宁夏移民安置地后续发展模式[J]. 干旱区地 理, 2008, 31（6）: 960- 963. [CHEN Zhongxiang, CHEN Liang. Further development mode of the resettlement areas for the mi⁃ grants in Ningxia[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2008, 31(6): 960- 963. ] [18] 张晓晨, 黄莉, 汪露露. 云南省水工程库区和移民安置区发展模 式 探 讨 [J]. 水 力 发 电, 2019, 45(5): 12- 16. [ZHANG Xiaochen, Huangli, Wang Lulu. Discussion on development models of water project reservoir area and resettlement area in Yunnan Province [J]. Water Power, 2019, 45(5): 12-16. ] [19] 费孝通. 乡土中国[M]. 北京: 人民出版社, 2008: 1. [FEI Xiao⁃ tong. The foundations of Chinese society[M]. Beijing: People’s Publishing House, 2008: 1. ]
