天山北坡经济带是新疆生产力集中度较高，现代工业、农业、交通信息、教育科技等较为发达的区域，是国家丝绸之路经济带建设的核心区，对新疆经济社会发展具有重要的带动和辐射作用，国内生产总值均占全疆 53%以上，工业增加值占全疆 67%，城镇化率 68.9%，远高于全疆 42.1%的平均水平，然而水资源却仅占11%。为破解资源性缺水困境而实施的“两河调水”工程正在陆续建成发挥效益,如何优化配置原水与客水、高水与低水、地表水与地下水等各种水源，统筹协调区域、城乡、兵地、产业、经济社会与生态环境等各种需求，已成为亟待研究决策的重大现实问题。通过分析天北带水资源可利用量、生态环境需水量、水资源开发利用现状及存在问题，结合调水工程新增水量，提出了水资源优化配置的原则、贯彻新时期“十六字”治水思路和“五大”发展理念的实践路径与综合调控措施，主要学术观点和结论为：（1）结合“两河调水”工程，在天山北坡建设东西连通的输水大通道，将由南向北流的逐条河流交叉连接起来，形成一个南北交汇，东西贯通，覆盖整个区域的“大水网”，实现全域水源优化配置。（2）按照“以水定地，以水定产，以水定城，适水发展”的原则，强化国土空间管控，按照“生产空间集约高效，生活空间宜居适度，生态空间自然和谐”为原则，优化“三生空间”发展格局。（3）打破旱区弱水资源承载力、高生态胁迫压力、低经济发展能力的桎梏，从水资源—经济社会—生态环境三个维度，科学把控“大水网”建设和水利发展定位，合理配置“三生用水”，耦合协调“三生关系”,实现生态保护和高质量发展。（4）面向未来和新基建工程的喷涌发展，建设水物理网、水信息网、水管理网“三网合一”的智能水网势在必行，代表智慧水利的发展方向，也是当代水利科技前沿。
The economic belt on the north slope of the Tianshan Mountains is a highly developed area with modern industry, agriculture, transportation, information, education, science, and technology, and is a concentration of higher productivity in Xinjiang. It is the core zone of the national Silk Road economic belt, and playsan important leading and radiating role in Xinjiang’s economic and social development. Its GDP accounts
for more than 53% of Xinjiang, its industrial added value accounts for 67% of Xinjiang’s, and its urbanization is
68.9%, which is far higher than the average value of 42.1%. However, its water resources account for only 11% of that of Xinjiang. Thus, the Water Transfer Projects of Two Rivers are being implemented, one after the other,to solve the water resource shortage. Meeting various water resource requirements has become an important problem, not only for optimizing water allocation, such as water originating in the basin and that flowing from outside basin, water located at higher and lower elevation, ground water and surface water, and so on, but also to coordinate water for urban and rural areas, military units and local governments, various industries, economic society, and ecological programs. This paper analyzes water use, ecological water requirements, the current situation, and existing problems of water exploitation and use. Combined with additional new water resources provided by the projects mentioned above, this paper provides principles for optimized allocation of water resources, practices water resources governance, and five objective ideas for development and comprehensive regulation measures, and reaches the following conclusions. (1) Combined with the Water Transfer Projects of Two Rivers, a water channel running east to west on the north slope of the Tianshan Mountainsconnects rivers running from the south to the north, allowing water to flow south- north and east- west. The projects realize optimized water resource allocation in the region covered with a Big Water Network. (2) Following the principle of water determining land use, agricultural yield, city development, and economic development, national land use policies should be strengthened to be controlled and administrated and the production- living- ecological spaces development pattern should be optimized based on the principles of intensive and efficient production space, livable moderate living space, and natural harmony with ecological spaces. (3) To break the limits that arid area face with weak water resources workloads and high pressures of ecological stress and low economic development ability, the Big Water Network will be built scientifically based on thinking from the three dimensions of water resources, the environment, and economic society.Water development will be located and production and ecological waters will be allocated rationally, coordinated with production- living- ecological spaces, to realize both ecological protection and high quality development. (4) To face the future and the development of new infrastructure projects, it is necessary integrate smart networks with the water physical, information, and management networks.This represents the development direction of modern smart water infrastructure and is also at the forefront of contemporary water technology.
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