气候与水文

基于流域的陕西省水资源承载力研究

展开
  • 陕西省地表系统与环境承载力重点实验室,陕西 西安 710127

    西北大学城市与环境学院/地表系统与灾害研究院,陕西 西安 710027 3 西安交通大学公共政策与管理学院,陕西 西安 710049

夏玮静(1994-),女,硕士研究生.E-mail:swdyihehe@qq.com

收稿日期: 2019-06-14

  修回日期: 2019-10-31

  网络出版日期: 2020-05-25

基金资助

国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0404302)资助

Water resource carrying capacity in Shaanxi Province at the scales of watersheds

Expand
  • Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying CapacityXian 710127,Shaanxi,China

    China Institute of Earth Surface System and Hazards,Northwest UniversityXiJP8〗’〖JPan 710027,Shaanxi,ChinaCollege of Public Policy and Management,Xian Jiaotong UniversityXian 710049,Shaanxi,China

Received date: 2019-06-14

  Revised date: 2019-10-31

  Online published: 2020-05-25

摘要

以陕西省9个流域为评价单元,基于宏观指标和综合指标构建水资源承载力综合评价模型。通过分析经济压力、人口压力、承载压力及协调指数,进而对研究区水资源承载力进行评价并探讨其时空分布特征。结果表明:(1) 陕西各流域水资源承载力差异较为明显,其中陕南最大,陕北次之,汉中最小。陕南地区的汉江和嘉陵江两个流域水资源丰富且降水充足, WI<0.6处于承载适宜阶段,但该流域水资源利用效率较低HI<0.6,流域人均用水量、万元GDP用水量以及农田灌溉亩均用水量均超过全省平均水平。陕北地区的河口—龙门、内流区以及北洛河三个流域水资源紧缺且存在水质性缺水问题,处于轻度超载阶段;而关中地区的渭河、泾河、龙门三门峡及伊洛河四个流域水资源供需矛盾随着人口与经济的增长进一步加剧,水资源承载力综合评价指标值WI >1.5,处于严重超载阶段。(2) 从承载压力指数分析可以看出,流域调水对缺水地区或经济中心城市的发展起到决定性作用。从丰水流域跨流域调水能解决地区性缺水问题,进而解决水资源危机所带来的社会经济可持续发展问题。(3) 基于水资源的自然资源属性,以流域为评价单元,其研究结果更符合自然规律,有利于实现流域间水资源的合理均衡和分配。

本文引用格式

夏玮静, 王宁练, 沈月 .

基于流域的陕西省水资源承载力研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2020 , 43(3) : 602 -611 . DOI: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2020.03.06

Abstract

Water resource carrying capacity is a critical index that is used to measure sustainable social and economic development in the arid and semi-arid regions.Taking nine basins of Shaanxi Province,China as evaluation units,this paper constructed a comprehensive evaluation model of water resource carrying capacity from two aspects of the macro index and comprehensive index,respectively,to reflect the size,carrying status,and coordination status of water resources carrying capacity.Macro index refers to the economic pressure index and the population pressure index.The comprehensive index refers to the carrying pressure index and the coordination index,which are calculated by constructing an index system that covers water resource,socio-economic and ecological indexes.Finally,through the analysis of the economic pressure index,population pressure index,carrying pressure index,and coordination index,this paper evaluates and discusses the water resource carrying capacity and the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of various basins in Shaanxi Province.The results showed as follows:(1) the water resource of various basins in Shaanxi Province are unevenly distributed and water resource carrying capacity varies significantly,being maximum in southern Shaanxi and minimum in northern Shaanxi and Guanzhong.The Hanjiang River and Jialing River basins in southern Shaanxi are rich in water and rich in precipitation,and the water resource carrying capacity (WI < 0.6) is in a suitable state.However,the water resource utilization efficiency in these two basins is relatively low (HI < 0.6),and the water consumption per capita,per ten thousand Yuan of GDP,and per mu  of farmland irrigation were all higher than the provincial average.Water scarcity and water quality issues threaten the basins of HekouLongmen,interior drainage area,and Beiluo River in northen Shaanxi (1.20 < WI < 1.50).In addition,the water resource carrying capacity is in a state of mild overload.With population and economic growth,the four river basins of the Weihe River,Jing River,Longmen-Sanmenxia,and Yiluo River in Guanzhong region have problems on water supply and demand.Although these resources account for 61.75% of the provincial population theoretically,they can only serve 18.52% of the total province.The comprehensive evaluation index value of water resource carrying capacity is greater than 1.5,which is in a severe overload state.(2) from the analysis of carrying pressure index,it can be seen that the interbasin water transfers play a decisive role in the development of waterdeficient areas and economic centers.As can be seen from Figure 2,the water consumption of the three basins in the Guanzhong region is greater than their total water resources.In other words,inter-basin water transfers from water-rich basins can solve the regional water shortage problem,and then solve the socio-economic issues of sustainable development caused by water crisis.(3) based on the natural resource attributes of water resources,the results of research conducted on the basin,as an evaluation unit,were essentially in line with the laws of nature,contributing to the realization of rational balance and distribution of water resources.

参考文献

[1]王永兴,陈曦.GIS支撑下的干旱区水资源及其利用的空间分异研究[J].干旱区地理,2003,26(2):110-115.[WANG Yongxing,CHEN Xi.Study on spatial differentiation of water resources and their utilization in arid land based on GIS[J].Arid Land Geography,2003,26(2):110-115.] [2]夏军,朱一中.水资源安全的度量:水资源承载力的研究与挑战[J].自然资源学报,2002,(3):262-269.[XIA Jun,ZHU Yizhong.The measurement of water resources security:A study and challenge on water resources carrying capacity[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2002,(3):262-269.] [3]屈小娥.陕西省水资源承载力综合评价研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(2):91-97.[QU Xiao’e.Comprehensive evaluation of water resources carrying capacity in Shaanxi Province[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2017,31(2):91-97.] [4]刘佳骏,董锁成,李泽红.中国水资源承载力综合评价研究[J].自然资源学报,2011,26(2):258-269.[LIU Jiajun,DONG Suocheng,LI Zehong.Comprehensive evaluation of China’s water resources carrying capacity[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2011,26(2):258-269.] [5]OKI Taikan.Global hydrological cycles and world water resources[J].Science,2006,313(5790):1068-1072. [6]MEKONNEN M M,HOEKSTRA A Y.Four billion people facing severe water scarcity[J].Science Advances,2016,2(2):e1500323. [7]苏贤保,李勋贵,刘巨峰,等.基于综合权重法的西北典型区域水资源脆弱性评价研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(3):112-118.[SU Xianbao,LI Xungui,LIU Jufeng,et al.Vulnerability assessment of water resources in the northwest typical area based on comprehensive weighting method[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2018,32(3):112-118.] [8]苏贤保,李勋贵,赵军峰.水资源-水环境阈值耦合下的水资源系统承载力研究[J].资源科学,2018,40(5):1016-1025.[SU Xianbao,LI Xungui,ZHAO Junfeng.Carrying capacity of water resources system coupling water resources with water environment thresholds[J].Resources Science,2018,40(5):1016-1025.] [9]黄秋森,赵岩,许新宜,等.基于弹簧模型的资源环境承载力评价及应用——以内蒙古自治区陈巴尔虎旗为例[J].自然资源学报,2018,33(1):173-184.[HUANG Qiusen,ZHAO Yan,XU Xinyi,et al.Evaluation of resources and environmental carrying capacity based on spring model:Taking Chen Barag Banner in Inner Mongolia as an example[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2018,33(1):173-184.] [10]LEI Kampeng,ZHOU Shaoqi.Per capita resource consumption and resource carrying capacity: A comparison of the sustainability of 17 mainstream countries[J].Energy Policy,2012,42:603-612. [11]REN Chongfeng,GUO Ping,LI Mo,et al.An innovative method for water resources carrying capacity research:Metabolic theory of regional water resources[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2016,167:139-146. [12]WIDODO B,LUPYANTO R,SULISTIONO B,et al.Analysis of environmental carrying capacity for the development of sustainable settlement in Yogyakarta urban area[J].Procedia Environmental Sciences,2015,28:519-527. [13]KOOP S H R,VAN LEEUWEN C J.Assessment of the sustainability of water resources management:A critical review of the city blueprint approach[J].Water Resources Management,2015,29(15):5649-5670. [14]王丽霞,任志远,刘招,等.基于GIS的陕西省水资源潜力及承载力研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(8):97-102.[WANG Lixia,REN Zhiyuan,LIU Zhao,et al.Water resources development potential and carrying capacity in Shaanxi Province[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2013,27(8):97-102.] [15]张军,周冬梅,张仁陟.黑河流域2004—2010年水足迹和水资源承载力动态特征分析[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(6):1779-1785.[ZHANG Jun,ZHOU Dongmei,ZHANG Renzhi.Dynamic characteristics of water footprint and water resources carrying capacity in Heihe River basin during 2004-2010[J].Journal of Desert Research,2012,32(6):1779-1785.] [16]张靖琳,陈学亮,徐世琴.河西走廊中段临泽绿洲水资源供需平衡及承载力分析[J].干旱区地理,2018,41(1):38-47.[ZHANG Jinglin,CHEN Xueliang,XU Shiqin.Regional supplydemand balance and carrying capacity of water resources for Linze Oasis in the middle of Hexi Corridor[J].Arid Land Geography,2018,41(1):38-47.] [17]戴明宏,王腊春,魏兴萍.基于熵权的模糊综合评价模型的广西水资源承载力空间分异研究[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(1):193-199.[DAI Xiaohong,WANG Lachun,WEI Xingping.Spatial difference of water resource carrying capacity of Guangxi using fussy comprehensive evaluation model based on entropy weight method[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(1):193-199.] [18]许朗,黄莺,刘爱军.基于主成分分析的江苏省水资源承载力研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011,20(12):1468.[XU Lang,HUANG Ying,LIU Aijun.Study on the carrying capacity of water resources in Jiangsu Province based on the principal component analysis[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2011,20(12):1468.] [19]杜俊平,叶得明,陈年来.基于可拓综合评价法的干旱区水资源承载力评价——以河西走廊地区为例[J].中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(12):56-63. [DU Junping,YE Deming,CHEN Nianlai.Evaluation of water resources carrying capacity in arid area based on extension comprehensive evaluation method:A case study in Hexi Corridor[J].China Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,2017,38(12):56-63.] [20]杨雪梅,杨太保,石培基,等.西北干旱地区水资源-城市化复合系统耦合效应研究 ——以石洋河流域为例[J].干旱区地理,2014,37(1):19-30.[YANG Xuemei,YANG Taibao,SHI Peiji,et al.Coupling effect of water resources-urbanization composite system in northwest arid region of China:A case of Shiyang River Basin[J].Arid Land Geography,2014,37(1):19-30.] [21]任怡,王义民,畅建霞,等.陕西省水资源供求指数和综合干旱指数及其时空分布[J].自然资源学报,2017,(1):139-153.[REN Yi,WANG Yimin,CHANG Jianxia,et al.The spatial and temporal distribution of drought in Shaanxi Province[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2017,(1):139-153.] [22]王美霞,任志远,王永明,等.基于GIS的关中—天水经济区水资源承载力评价[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(6):222-227.[WANG Meixia,REN Zhiyuan,WANG Yongming,et al.Evaluation of water resources carrying capacity based on GIS techniques in GuanzhongTianshui Economic Zone[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2010,28(6):222-227.] [23]ZHANG Xue,ZHAO Xuan,ZHANG Meng,et al.Safety evaluation of an artificial groundwater recharge system for reclaimed water reuse based on bioassays[J].Desalination,2011,281:185-189. [24]段新光,栾芳芳.基于模糊综合评判的新疆水资源承载力评价[J].中国人口•资源与环境,2014,24(增刊1):119-122.[DUAN Xinguang,LUAN Fangfang.Evaluation of water resources carrying capacity in Xinjiang based on fuzzy comprehensive model[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2014,24(S1):119-122.] [25]郭倩,汪嘉杨,张碧.基于DPSIRM框架的区域水资源承载力综合评价[J].自然资源学报,2017,32(3):484-493.[GUO Qian,WANG Jiayang,ZHANG Bi.Comprehensive evaluation of the water resource carrying capacity based on DPSIRM[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2017,32(3):484-493.] [26]夏军,左其亭.我国水资源学术交流十年总结与展望[J].自然资源学报,2013,28(9):1488-1497.[XIA Jun,ZUO Qiting.China’s decade summary and prospect of water resources academic exchange[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2013,28(9):1488-1497.] [27]陈伊多,杨庆媛,杨人豪,等.基于熵权物元模型的土地生态安全评价——重庆市江津区实证[J].干旱区地理,2018,41(1):185-194.[CHEN Yiduo,YANG Qingyuan,YANG Renhao,et al.Evaluation of land ecological security based on entropy weighted matter-element model:A case of Jiangjin District, Chongqing[J].Arid Land Geography,2018,41(1):185-194.] [28]夏富强,唐宏,杨德刚,等.绿洲城市水资源压力及其对城市发展的影响——以乌鲁木齐为例[J].干旱区地理,2014,37(2):380-387.[XIA Fuqiang,TANG Hong,YANG Degang,et al.Water resources pressure of oasis city and its impact on urban development[J].Arid Land Geography,2014,37(2):380-387.] [29]伍文琪,罗贤,黄玮,等.云南省水资源承载力评价与时空分布特征研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2018,27(7):1517-1524.[WU Wenqi,LUO Xian,HUANG Wei,et al.Research on the water resources carrying capacity and its temporal-spatial distribution characteristics in Yunnan Province,China[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2018,27(7):1517-1524.] [30]曹丽娟,张小平.基于主成分分析的甘肃省水资源承载力评价[J].干旱区地理,2017,40(4):906-912.[CAO Lijuan,ZHANG Xiaoping.Assessment of water resources carrying capacity in Gansu Province based on principal component analysis[J].Arid Land Geography,2017,40(4):906-912.]
文章导航

/