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2020 , Vol. 43 >Issue 2: 308 - 318

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2020.02.04

气候与水文

1980—2017年天山山区不同降水形态的时空变化

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  • 1 兰州交通大学测绘与地理信息学院，甘肃 兰州 730070；

    2 地理国情监测技术应用国家地方联合工程研究中心，甘肃 兰州 730070；

    3 甘肃省地理国情监测工程实验室，甘肃 兰州 730070； 4 中国科学院大气物理研究所中国科学院东亚区域气候—环境重点实验室，北京 100029

田亚林(1993-)，女，硕士研究生，研究方向为气候变化与水文水资源.E-mail:tianqibaby@163.com

收稿日期: 2019-06-04

  修回日期: 2019-09-13

  网络出版日期: 2020-03-25

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目（41761014）；兰州交通大学“百名青年优秀人才培养计划”；兰州交通大学（201806）优秀平台支持

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Spatial and temporal variations of different precipitation types in the Tianshan Mountains from 1980 to 2017

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  • 1 Faculty of Geomatics,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;

    2 NationalLocal Joint Engineering Research Center of Technologies and Applications for National Geographic State

    Monitoring,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;

    3 Gansu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for National Geographic State Monitoring,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;

    4 Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Key Laboratory of Regional ClimateEnvironment Research for Temperate East Asia,Beijing 100029,China

Received date: 2019-06-04

  Revised date: 2019-09-13

  Online published: 2020-03-25

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摘要

利用1980—2017年天山山区35个气象站点的逐日降水资料，分离出3种主要降水形态后，运用线性倾向估计、Mann-Kendall(M-K)突变检验、滑动t突变检验、Morlet小波分析等方法研究了天山山区降水日数及降雨日数、降雪日数和雨夹雪日数的时空分布及变化规律。研究表明：（1）在空间上，天山山区降水日数和降雨日数表现为“北多南少，西多东少”的分布格局，降雪日数“北多南少”明显；降水日数呈现“西快东慢，北快南慢”的增长趋势，西段增长幅度明显，降雨日数普遍增多，大部分地区降雪日数减少，雨夹雪日数也有减少趋势。（2）近38 a来，天山山区降水日数表现为缓慢增长趋势，降雨日数显著增加，降雪日数减少，雨夹雪日数变化并不明显。（3）天山山区降水日数突变年在1986年前后。（4）降水日数、降雨日数、降雪日数及雨夹雪日数均存在明显的10 a左右的振荡周期，此外，降水日数、降雨日数和雨夹雪日数18~22 a周期波动也比较明显。

关键词： 天山山区; 降水形态; 时空分布 

本文引用格式

田亚林, 李雪梅, 李珍, 秦埼瑞 .

1980—2017年天山山区不同降水形态的时空变化[J]. 干旱区地理, 2020 , 43(2) : 308 -318 . DOI: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2020.02.04

Abstract

Precipitation is a basic element of climate.Different precipitation types play different roles in the material and energy cycles of the land surface.As the planet warms,a climatic shift from warmdry to warmhumid has taken place in the northwest region of China,especially in Xinjiang Province.The Tianshan Mountains function as the climatic dividing line between South Xinjiang and North Xinjiang.This area is very important to the sustainable development of the economy of Xinjiang,and to the central and western regions of China,more broadly.In response to global warming,precipitation types have begun to change in the Tianshan Mountains,and tracking these changes in the number of days with different precipitation types is an important step.We gathered daily precipitation data from 35 meteorological stations in the Tianshan Mountains from 1980 to 2017.We separated three main precipitation types (rain,snow,and sleet) and identified them using a parameterization scheme which performed better than other normal schemes.The spatial distribution of days with different precipitation types in the Tianshan Mountains was interpolated using the Inverse Distance Weighted method provided by ArcGIS 10.2.The linear trend rate was used to establish the trend in the days of precipitation types.Combining the MannKendall mutation test with the moving t test method,we isolated an abrupt change in the number of days with different precipitation types.Finally,we used morlet wavelet analysis to study the periodicity of the days of different precipitation types in the Tianshan Mountains.Our results showed that the precipitation days were relatively consistent with the amount of precipitation.(1) In terms of spatial patterns,days of precipitation,and days of rainfall were more common in the north and west than in the south and east.“ Snowfall occurred on more days in the north and fewer in the south.” The increasing trend of days of precipitation in the north was more pronounced than it was in the south,as was the faster increasing trend in the west.The number of days of rainfall generally increased,while both snowfall and sleet became less common in most of the study areas.(2) Most precipitation in the Tianshan Mountains occurred during AprilSeptember,and it mainly comprised rainfall.Most snowfall occurred during NovemberMarch of the following year.All three forms of precipitation coexisted in March and April,and in October and November.Over the last 38 years,the number of days with precipitation,rain,and snowfall showed respective trends of gently increasing,significantly increasing,and decreasing.The changes in the number of days of sleet were not significant.(3) An abrupt inflection point occurred in the number of days with precipitation in the Tianshan Mountains was identified in around 1986.In addition,rainy days experienced an indistinctive mutation in 1986 and 1995; snow in 2012; and sleet in 1985 and 2004.(4) All four precipitation types experienced a fluctuating cycle change of about 10 years.Finally,the fluctuation cycles of the 18-22-year scale for precipitation,rain,and sleet were also obvious.

Key words：

Tianshan Mountains; precipitation types; spatiotemporal distribution

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