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2020 , Vol. 43 >Issue 1: 227 - 236

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2020.01.26

区域发展

河西走廊城乡居民点空间分异特征及绿洲孕育度分析

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  • 1 兰州交通大学 测绘与地理信息学院，甘肃兰州730070； 2 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所，北京100101； 3 中国水利水电科学研究院水资源研究所, 北京100044
周亮（1983-），男，甘肃天水人，博士/博士后，副教授，硕士生导师，主要从事干旱区城市与区域发展. E-mail: zhougeo@126.com

收稿日期: 2019-05-18

  修回日期: 2019-08-28

  网络出版日期: 2020-01-05

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(41701173, 41961027); 陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目（2018JM4022）

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Spatial differentiation characteristics and oasis breed degree of urban and rural residents in Hexi Corridor

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  • 1 Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China; 2 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China; 3 China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100044,China

Received date: 2019-05-18

  Revised date: 2019-08-28

  Online published: 2020-01-05

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摘要

绿洲和绿洲所孕育的城镇与乡村聚落是西北干旱区人类生产、生活和生态的核心，探究绿洲与居民点的关系对干旱区新型城镇化建设与乡村振兴意义重大。研究通过Google Earth目视解译，识别提取河西走廊全域绿洲和城乡居民点空间特征信息，运用GIS空间分析、景观格局指数，系统地对河西走廊2016年城乡居民点的规模、形态结构与类型特征进行分析，并首次提出了干旱区居民点的绿洲孕育指数，进一步分析了城乡居民点的绿洲孕育程度。结果表明：（1） 河西走廊居民点规模与密度分异特征显著，居民点用地规模普遍偏小，平均规模仅为0.05 km2。居民点分布呈现高密度小规模和低密度大规模集聚分布的特征，居民点密度和集聚度均以城市为中心呈距离衰减规律。“热点”探测发现，山丹县以东是河西走廊地区居民点分布的热点区。（2） 居民点形态结构分析表明乡村聚落的连接性和稳定性自东向西逐渐减弱，居民点面积差异性从城市“中心—边缘”在逐渐的缩小，其中瓜州县、玉门市和金塔县等区域居民点的平均形状指数和平均分维数耦合度高，自然分布态势强，斑块形状复杂。（3） 绿洲孕育指数较高的嘉峪关“人—地”关系矛盾突出，城乡发展极大受绿洲规模限制；而凉州区、民勤县等绿洲腹地空间宽广有利于城乡居民点发展。

关键词： 居民点; 空间规模; 形态结构; 绿洲孕育指数; 河西走廊

本文引用格式

周亮, 朱彦儒, 孙东琪 . 河西走廊城乡居民点空间分异特征及绿洲孕育度分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2020 , 43(1) : 227 -236 . DOI: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2020.01.26

Abstract

Oasis and rural settlements are the core of human production, living and ecology in the arid regions of Northwest China. Exploring the relationship between oasis and settlements is important for new urbanization construction and rural revitalization in arid regions. Therefore, the paper takes the Hexi Corridor as a research area, which is located in Gansu Province, China. In this paper, the data of settlements and oases is derived from the visual interpretation of Google earth, and uses the GIS spatial analysis, landscape pattern index and hierarchical clustering method to systematically analyze the spatial scale, morphological structure and type characteristics of the urban and rural settlements in the Hexi Corridor in 2016.Under the background of ecological environment, the oasis breeding index of settlements in the arid area was first proposed to analyze the oasis breeding degree. The results are shown as follows: (1) The scale difference of rural and urban settlements is obvious, showing the larger the pattern scale of distribution is, the smaller the proportion of patches is, and high-density distribution of small patches and low-density large-scale distribution of different characteristics, and the scale of residential land is generally small, with an average size of only 0.05 km2, and the density and agglomeration of settlements are both declining with the core of the city, and Hot spot detection found that the east of Shandan County is the hot spot region of the spatial distribution of settlements. (2) The analysis of the morphological structure of settlements shows that the connectivity and stability of rural settlements gradually weaken from east to west, and the area differentiation of settlements is gradually reduced from the “center-edge” of the city, the mean shape index and mean patch fractal dimension of the settlements in Guazhou County, Yumen City and Jinta County are highly coupled, and the patch shape is complex, the natural distribution is strong. (3) The oasis ecological environment in Jiayuguan City is the most vulnerable, the urban and rural development is greatly restricted. However, the oasis hinterland of Liangzhou District, Minqin County and Ganzhou District has a wide space, which is conducive to urban and rural development.

Key words： settlement; spatial scale; morphological structure; oasis breeding index; Hexi Corridor

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