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干旱区地理 >

2020 , Vol. 43 >Issue 1: 117 - 125

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2020.01.14

气候与水文

气候变化和人类活动对干旱区植被生产力的影响

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  • 1 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所，荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室，新疆乌鲁木齐830011； 2 中国科学院大学，北京100049
秦景秀（1992-），男，硕士，主要从事生态水文研究. E-mail: qinjingxiu17@mails.ucas.ac.cn

收稿日期: 2019-04-21

  修回日期: 2019-07-29

  网络出版日期: 2020-01-05

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目（41571109）

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Effects of climate change and human activities on vegetation productivity in arid areas

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  • 1 State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of  Science,Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang,China; 2 University of Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100049,China

Received date: 2019-04-21

  Revised date: 2019-07-29

  Online published: 2020-01-05

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摘要

在全球变化的背景下，植被生产力发生了一系列的变化，如何定量的评估中国西北干旱区气候变化和人类活动对植被生产力的影响，对于应对气候变化，促进“一带一路”生态建设以及美丽中国建设具有重要的意义。以新疆为研究区，以植被净第一性生产力（NPP）作为评价指标，分析了2001—2016年气候变化和人类活动对植被恢复和退化的影响。结果表明：（1） 从2001—2016年，植被NPP有明显变化趋势的面积占植被覆盖区总面积的34.02%，其中30.58%的面积呈现恢复趋势，3.44%的面积呈现退化趋势，NPP平均每年增加634 Gg C·a-1(Gg=109 g)。（2） 由人类活动和气候变化引起植被恢复的面积占植被NPP变化总面积的42.03%和30.58%；在上述两个区域，NPP平均每年增加量分别为319 Gg C·a-1和59 Gg C·a-1。由人类活动和气候变化引起植被退化的面积占NPP变化总面积的57.63%和19.45%；其中，在上述两个退化区域，NPP平均每年分别减少68 Gg C·a-1和7 Gg C·a-1。（3） 不同植被类型中，人类活动对农作物、荒漠、草地、高山植被的恢复作用大于退化作用，对森林、灌丛、沼泽的退化作用大于恢复作用；气候变化对沼泽的退化作用大于恢复作用，对其他6种植被类型的恢复作用大于退化作用。总体上，人类活动是影响新疆植被恢复和退化的主要原因。

关键词： 净初级生产力; 气候变化; 人类活动; 干旱区

本文引用格式

秦景秀, 郝兴明, 张颖, 花顶 . 气候变化和人类活动对干旱区植被生产力的影响[J]. 干旱区地理, 2020 , 43(1) : 117 -125 . DOI: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2020.01.14

Abstract

Climate change and human activities are the two main factors affecting vegetation restoration and degradation. How to quantitatively evaluate the impacts of climate change and human activities on vegetation restoration and degradation is of great significance for addressing climate change, construction of ecological restoration and economic development along the Silk Road, In this paper, net primary productivity (NPP) is used as an indicator to evaluate vegetation restoration and degradation, and climate productivity and productivity affected by human activities are used as indicators for assessing climate change and human activities for vegetation restoration and degradation. Xinjiang is located in the arid region of northwestern China, with a typical temperate continental climate and extremely fragile ecological environment. The annual average precipitation is less than 200 mm. The main vegetation types are desert and grassland, accounting for 52% and 28% of the total vegetation area. Based on the MODIS spatial resolution of 500 m NDVI data from 2001 to 2016 and 99 meteorological data and vegetation type data, the CASA model and Zhou Guangsheng model were used to calculate the actual productivity and climate productivity of vegetation, and the difference between climate productivity and actual productivity was defined the impact of human activities. Using the methods of linear regression analysis and F-test, the effects of climate change and human activities on vegetation productivity and productivity of different vegetation types were separated by analyzing the trends of vegetation productivity, so as to evaluate the effects quantitatively of both on vegetation restoration and degradation. The results showed that the area where vegetation NPP has a significant change trend accounts for 34.02% of the total vegetation coverage area from 2001 to 2016 in Xinjiang, only 3.44% area underwent degradation, whereas 30.58% area experienced restoration. The area of vegetation restoration caused by human activities and climate change accounts for respectively 42.03% and 30.58% of the total area of vegetation NPP change, the vegetation NPP was increased by 319 Gg C·a-1 and 59 Gg C·a-1, respectively. The area of vegetation degradation caused by human activities and climate change accounts for 57.63%和19.45% of the total area of vegetation NPP change, the vegetation NPP decreased 319 Gg C·a-1, 59 Gg C·a-1, respectively. Different vegetation types are subject to different dominant roles in the process of restoration and degradation. Restoration was domination by human activities in crops, desert, grassland, alpine vegetation, whereas degradation was domination by human activities in forest, shrub, and swamp. Except for swamp, restoration was domination by climate in seven vegetation types. In general, NPP in different vegetation types is increasing, especially crops, deserts and grasslands. The NPP was increased by 293 Gg C·a-1,171 Gg C·a-1 and 148 Gg C·a-1 respectively. The results of these studies indicate that the vegetation in Xinjiang is recovering, and human activities are the main influencing factors of vegetation restoration. In particular, crops contribute the most to Xinjiang vegetation productivity, and the climate change generally promoted the increase of vegetation NPP in Xinjiang. Through the correlation analysis between vegetation NPP and climate factors, it showed that precipitation has a significant positive correlation with vegetation NPP. There is a weak negative correlation between temperature and vegetation NPP, and water conditions have become the main limiting conditions for vegetation growth.

Key words： net primary productivity; climate change; human activities; arid areas

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