收藏 ｜ 设为首页 广告服务 ｜ 联系我们 ｜ 在线留言
高级检索

干旱区地理 >

2020 , Vol. 43 >Issue 1: 27 - 37

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2020.01.04

地表过程研究

兰州盆地新石器时期遗址分布与地形的关系研究

展开
  • 1北京大学城市与环境学院/地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室，北京100871； 2兰州大学资源环境学院/西部环境教育部重点实验室/兰州大学干旱区水循环与水资源研究中心，甘肃兰州730000
姜梦迪（1995-）, 女, 硕士研究生, 研究方向为自然地理学. E-mail：jiangmd13@lzu.edu.cn

修回日期: 2019-04-19

  录用日期: 2019-08-11

  网络出版日期: 2020-01-05

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(41822708, 41571178)；中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA20100102)；兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项(lzujbky2018k15)；第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目资助(XDA20060700)

收起

Relationship between the distribution of Neolithic cultural sites and topography in the Lanzhou Basin

Expand
  • 1 College of urban and environmental sciences,Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China; 2 College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education),Center for Hydrologic Cycle and Water Resources in Arid Region;Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu, China

Revised date: 2019-04-19

  Accepted date: 2019-08-11

  Online published: 2020-01-05

Fold

摘要

研究遗址和地形等环境要素的关系有助于理解人地关系的作用机制。基于GIS空间分析和二元逻辑斯蒂模型分析了兰州盆地新石器时期马家窑和齐家文化遗址空间分布的特征、变化规律及影响因素，定量研究了地形等环境要素与遗址分布的关系。结果表明：新石器时期的马家窑文化、半山文化、马厂文化和齐家文化遗址均沿黄河分布，主要集中于河流阶地上坡度较小的区域。距河流的水平最近距离为318.6~17 721.7 m。新石器遗址特别是马厂遗址的空间集聚性明显。从马家窑类型、半山类型，发展到马厂类型，单一型遗址的占比逐渐由53.3%增多至92.6%。马厂类型的分布中心距离黄河最近。地形等环境要素显著影响遗址的空间分布，遗址出现概率主要受坡度、坡向和距黄河最近距离的影响，模型的解释程度可达65.0%。引入历史时期和现代聚落进行比较，历史时期聚落分布受到高程和坡度的影响，而现代聚落的分布主要受到高程、坡度和距河流距离的影响。聚落分布和影响因素的演变可能受到社会生产力发展的影响。

关键词： 兰州盆地; 新石器时期遗址; 地形; 时空分布; 逻辑斯蒂模型

本文引用格式

姜梦迪, 张鹏丽, 梁博毅, 李育 . 兰州盆地新石器时期遗址分布与地形的关系研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2020 , 43(1) : 27 -37 . DOI: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2020.01.04

Abstract

Research on the relationship between human settlements and environmental factors such as topographic features has important significance for understanding the mechanisms of man-land interactivity. The Lanzhou Basin, Gansu Province, China is a typical valley region and is surrounded by a series of imposing mountains and hills whose relative relief is indeed immense. Using the methods of GIS spatial analysis and binary logistic regression model, the spatial and temporal distribution of Neolithic Majiayao and Qijia cultural sites and the influencing factors were analyzed respectively in this study; then, the relationships between the distribution of human settlements and topographic factors at a longer time scale from Neolithic culture to modern settlements were investigated. The results show that the distribution scope of Neolithic sites was large. The Neolithic cultural sites including Majiayao, Banshan, Machang and Qijia are situated along the Yellow River, mainly sitting on the river terraces with smaller slopes above the river floodplain. This may be related to limited ability of humans to withstand floods at that time, and river terraces provided favorable conditions for primitive settlements formation. The range of the closest distances to the Yellow River was from 318.6 m to 17 721.7 m. The Neolithic sites had significant spatial agglomeration, especially the Machang cultural site. From Majiayao, Banshan to Machang, the proportion of the sites of single type was increased gradually from 53.3% to 92.6%, which reflected relatively unstable life style and noncontinuous cultural development. The distribution centers of the sites of Machang type are the closest ones to the Yellow River. The overlay of sites and the changes of distribution centers indicated that the migration and evolution of the sites were mainly triggered by climate change dated back to 4 200 years ago. Topography and environmental factors remarkably influenced the distribution of cultural sites, and the slope, aspect and the distance to the Yellow River determined the probability if there was a site. The model can explain approximately 65.0% of the existence of the Neolithic sites. By contrast, the occurrence of historical sites was influenced by elevation and slope, whereas that of modern settlements was influenced by elevation, slope and the distance to the Yellow River. The change of settlements distribution and influencing factors could be explained by development of social productivity.

Key words： Lanzhou Basin; Neolithic cultural sites; topography; spatiotemporal distribution; the logistic regression model

参考文献

［1］左伟,周慧珍,李硕,等.人地关系系统及其调控［J］.人文地理,2001,16(1):67-70.［ZUO Wei,ZHOU Huizhen,LI Shuo,et al.Sustainable development and human-environment relation system control［J］.Human Geography,2001,16(1):67-70.］ ［2］WILLEY G R.Prehistoric settlement in the Viru Valley,Peru［M］.Washington:Bureau of American Ethnology,1953. ［3］P-AZA D K,KITTEL P,PETERA-ZGANIACZ J,et al.Late Palaeolithic settlement pattern in palaeogeographical context of the river valleys in the Koło Basin (Central Poland)［J］.Quaternary International,2015,370:40-54. ［4］OLLIVIER V,FONTUGNE M,LYONNET B,et al.Base level changes,river avulsions and Holocene human settlement dynamics in the Caspian Sea area (middle Kura Valley,south Caucasus)［J］.Quaternary International,2016,395:79-94. ［5］吴立,王心源,周昆叔,等.巢湖流域新石器至汉代古聚落变更与环境变迁［J］.地理学报,2009,64(1):59-68.［WU Li,WANG Xinyuan,ZHOU Kunshu,et al.The transmutation of ancient settlements and environmental changes from the Neolithic Age to the Han Dynasty in the Chaohu Lake Basin［J］.Acta Geographica Sinica,2009,64(1):59-68.］ ［6］郑朝贵,朱诚,钟宜顺,等.重庆库区旧石器时代至唐宋时期考古遗址时空分布与自然环境的关系［J］.科学通报,2008,53(Z1):93-111.［ZHENG Chaogui,ZHU Cheng,ZHONG Yishun,et al.The relationship between the spatio-temporal distribution of archaeological sites and the natural environment in the Paleolithic period in Chongqing reservoir area［J］.Science in China Press,2008,53(Z1):93-11.］ ［7］夏正楷,邓辉,武弘麟.内蒙西拉木伦河流域考古文化演变的地貌背景分析［J］.地理学报,2000,55(3):329-336.［XIA Zhengkai,DENG Hui,WU Honglin.Geomorphologic background of the prehistoric cultural evolution in the Xar Moron River Basin,Inner Mongolia［J］.Acta Geographica Sinica,2000,55(3):329-336.］ ［8］崔之久,杨晓燕,夏正楷.初论古文化类型演替与传承模式的区域分异——以西拉沐沦河流域和汶泗流域为例［J］.第四纪研究,2002,22(5):434-441.［CUI Zhijiu,YANG Xiaoyan,XIA Zhengkai.Evolution of ancient cultural types and regional differentiation of their propagation and succession models:A preliminary study［J］.Quaternary Sciences,2002,22(5):434-441.］ ［9］邓辉,陈义勇,贾敬禹,等.8 500 a BP以来长江中游平原地区古文化遗址分布的演变［J］.地理学报,2009,64(9):1113-1125.［DENG Hui,CHEN Yiyong,JIA Jingyu,et al.Distribution patterns of the ancient cultural sites in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River since 8 500 a BP［J］.Acta Geographica Sinica,2009,64(9):1113-1125.］ ［10］韩茂莉,刘宵泉,方晨,等.全新世中期西辽河流域聚落选址与环境解读［J］.地理学报,2007,62(12):1287-1298.［HAN Maoli,LIU Xiaoquan,FANG Chen,et al.The explanation of the selection of settlement and environment in the western Liaohe River Valley during the Middle Holocene Epoch［J］.Acta Geographica Sinica,2007,62(12):1287-1298.］ ［11］董振,金石柱.基于Logistic回归模型的延边地区渤海国遗址预测研究［J］.延边大学学报(自然科学版),2015,(2):179-184.［DONG Zhen,JIN Shizhu.Prediction research on Bohai Kingdom ruins in Yanbianarea based on the logic regression model［J］.Journal of Yanbian University(Natural Science Edition),2015,(2):179-184.］ ［12］倪金生.山东沭河上游流域考古遗址预测模型［J］.地理科学进展,2009,28(4):489-493.［NI Jinsheng.Predictive model of archaeological sites in the upper reaches of the Shuhe River in Shandong［J］.Progress in Geography,2009,28(4):489-493.］ ［13］尚南,于丽君,聂跃平.采用逻辑回归的汾河流域遗址分布研究［J］.测绘科学,2015,40(8):47-52.［SHANG Nan,YU Lijun,NIE Yueping.Study of distribution characteristics of archaeological sites on Fenhe River Basin based on logistic regression［J］.Scinence of Surveying and Mapping,2015,40(8):47-52.］ ［14］DONG G,WANG L,CUI Y,et al.The spatiotemporal pattern of the Majiayao cultural evolution and its relation to climate change and variety of subsistence strategy during late Neolithic period in Gansu and Qinghai Provinces,northwest China［J］.Quaternary International,2013,316(459):155-161. ［15］安成邦,王琳,吉笃学,等.甘青文化区新石器文化的时空变化和可能的环境动力［J］.第四纪研究,2006,26(6):923-927.［AN Chengbang,WANG Lin,JI Duxue,et al.The temporal and spatial changes of Neolithic cultures in Gansu-Qinghai region and possible environmental forcing［J］.Quaternary Sciences,2006,26(6):923-927.］ ［16］JIA X,DONG G,LI H,et al.The development of agriculture and its impact on cultural expansion during the late Neolithic in the western Loess Plateau,China［J］.Holocene,2013,23(1):85-92. ［17］杨晓燕,夏正楷,崔之久,等.青海官亭盆地考古遗存堆积形态的环境背景［J］.地理学报,2004,59(3):455-461.［YANG Xiaoyan,XIA Zhengkai,CUI Zhijiu,et al.Environmental settings of archaeological sites depositional process and distribution at Guanting Basin［J］.Acta Geographica Sinica,2004,59(3):455-461.］ ［18］李吉均,方小敏,马海洲,等.晚新生代黄河上游地貌演化与青藏高原隆起［J］.中国科学(D辑:地球科学),1996,(4):316-322.［LI Jijun,FANG Xiaomin,MA Haizhou,et al.The upstream of the Yellow River and the elevation of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau［J］.Science in China(Series D),1996,(4):316-322.］ ［19］杨永春.论典型河谷盆地型城市兰州的发展模式［J］.人文地理,2000,(1):10-14.［YANG Yongchun.The research on the developing model of Lanzhou:A typical valley basin city in the northwest China［J］.Human Geography,2000,(1):10-14.］ ［20］陈梦熊.甘肃中部之地文［J］.地质论评,1947,(6):545-556,651-652.［CHEN Mengxiong.The language of the middle part of Gansu［J］.Geological Review,1947,(6):545-556,651-652.］ ［21］LI J,ZHANG B,ZHU J,et al.Magneto- and pedo-stratigraphy of paleosol-loess sequences in the Lanzhou Basin:Evidence for evolution of Huang He［J］.Science Bulletin,1999,(s1):119-128. ［22］PAN B,SU H,HU Z,et al.Evaluating the role of climate and tectonics during non-steady incision of the Yellow River:Evidence from a 1.24 Ma terrace record near Lanzhou,China［J］.Quaternary Science Reviews,2009,28(27-28):3281-3290. ［23］PAN B,SU H,HU C,et al.Discovery of a 1.0 Ma Yellow River terrace and redating of the fourth Yellow River terrace in Lanzhou area［J］.Progress in Natural Science:Materials International,2007,17(2):197-205. ［24］杨红雄.兰州城市地域演变的历史分析［J］.国土开发与整治,1999,9(4):32-36.［YANG Hongxiong.On evolution of urban and in Lanzhou［J］.Territorial Development and Management,1999,9(4):32-36.］ ［25］黄宁生.文化遗址叠置系数及其环境意义［J］.大自然探索,1996,(2):51-53.［HUANG Ningsheng.Overlap coefficient of cultural sites and it’s environmental significance［J］.Exploration of Nature,1996,(2):51-53.］ ［26］陶澍.应用数理统计方法［M］.北京:中国环境科学出版社,1994:201-205.［TAO Shu.Applied mathematical statistics［M］.Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,1994:201-205.］ ［27］陈彦光.地理数学方法：基础和应用［M］.北京:科学出版社,2011:119-134.［CHEN Yanguang.Mathematical methods for Geography［M］.Beijing:Science Press,2011:119-134.］ ［28］施少华.中国全新世高温期中的气候突变事件及其对人类的影响［J］.海洋地质与第四纪地质,1993,13(4):65-73.［SHI Shaohua.Climatic abrupt change events and their impact on human civilization during Holocene megathermal in China［J］.Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology,1993,13(4):65-73.］ ［29］AN C,FENG Z,TANG L,et al.Environmental changes and cultural transition at 4 cal ka BP in central Gansu［J］.Acta Geographica Sinica,2003,39(9):526-530. ［30］LIU F,ZHANG Y,et al.The impacts of climate change on the Neolithic cultures of GansuQinghai region during the late Holocene Megathermal［J］.Journal of Geographical Sciences,2010,20(3):417-430. ［31］侯光良,刘峰贵,萧凌波,等.青海东部高庙盆地史前文化聚落演变与气候变化［J］.地理学报,2008,63(1):34-40.［HOU Guangliang,LIU Fenggui,XIAO Lingbo,et al.The transmutation of settlements of prehistoric cultures in eastern Qinghai caused by climate change［J］.Acta Geographica Sinica,2008,63(1):34-40.］ ［32］夏正楷,杨晓燕.我国北方4 ka B.P.前后异常洪水事件的初步研究［J］.第四纪研究,2003,23(6):667-674.［XIA Zhengkai,YANG Xiaoyan.Preliminary study on the flood events about 4 ka B.P.in north China［J］.Quaternary Sciences,2003,23(6):667-674.］
Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉