利用乌鲁木齐市5座100 m气象塔10层气温观测资料，通过统计方法详细分析了乌鲁木齐市城区和郊区近地层不同高度气温季节变化和日变化特征。研究表明：乌鲁木齐市四季均存在逆温，北郊逆温最明显。近地层100 m内主城区气温日较差较小，约为3.5～5.5 ℃；郊区气温日较差较大，约为4.2～7.0 ℃。夏季郊区气温高于城区，冬季北郊气温最低、南郊最高；白天大气基本上为超绝热不稳定状态，夜间城区气温高于郊区。春、秋季，白天城区和郊区温差小、夜间大，且愈近地面温差愈大；春季城区与南郊温差可达2.4 ℃、秋季可达3 ℃。城区和郊区各季节各层最高气温与最低气温出现时间几乎不同步达到。夏季、秋季、冬季和春季最高气温分别约在17:00～18:10、16:00～17:20、14:30～15:50（北郊滞后1.5 h）、17:00～18:00（南郊提前1.5
h）出现，最低气温分别约在7:10～8:20、8:00～9:00、冬季为多个时段（这与出现逆温有关）、7:30～8:40出现。
The 10-layer air temperature data collected from five 100-meter-high meteorological
towers in Urumqi City, Xinjiang, China were used to analyze the characteristics of the
seasonal variation and diurnal variation of the air temperature of Urumqi City
and its suburbs and to construct the air temperature profile. The results show that in Urumqi, there are obvious temperature inversions in all
seasons, especially in the
northern suburbs. In the surface layer
with the height of 100 m the diurnal temperature range is small (from 3.5 to
5.5 ℃) in the main urban
area, while is relatively large (from 4.2 to 7.0 ℃) in the suburbs. In summer, the air temperature is higher in the suburbs than that
in the urban. While in winter, the temperature is the lowest in the northern suburbs, but the highest in the southern suburbs. In the daytime, the atmosphere shows basically a super-adiabatic instability. The air temperature in the urban area is higher than
that of the suburbs at night. In spring and autumn, the air temperature difference between urban and
suburb is big at night (but small in the day time).The closer it is to the
ground, the bigger the difference is. The temperature between the urban area and the south
suburb is 2.4 ℃ in spring, and 3 ℃ in and autumn. The highest temperature and lowest air temperature did
not achieve simultaneously in all seasons in the urban area and in the rural
areas. The highest temperature appears in the period from
17:00 PM to 18:10 PM, from 16:00 PM to
17:20 PM, from 14:30 PM to
15:50 PM (it lags 1.5 hours in north suburbs), and from 17:00 PM to 18:00 PM (it appears ahead of 1.5
hours in south suburbs) in summer, autumn, winter and spring
respectively. The minimum value of
air temperature appears in the period from 7:10 AM to 8:20 AM, from 8:00 AM to 9:00 AM, multiple time periods, and from 7:30 AM to 8:40 AM in summer, autumn, winter and spring respectively.
［1］ARNFIELD A J.Two decades of urban climate research:A review of turbulence,exchanges of energy and water,and the urban heat island［J］.International Journal of Climatology,2003,23:1-26.
［2］FERNANDO H J S,LEE S,ANDERSON J,et al.Urban fluidechanics:Air circulation and contaminant dispersion in cities［J］.Environmental Fluidechanics,2001,1(1):107-164.
［3］陆龙骅,卞林根,程彦杰.冬季北京城市近地层的气象特征［J］.应用气象学报,2002,13(增刊):34-41.［LU Longhua,BIAN Lingen,CHENG Yanjie,et al.Meteorological characteristics of the ground layer in Beijing in winter［J］.Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2002,13(Suppl.):34-41.］
［4］刘罡,孙鉴泞,蒋维楣,等.城市大气边界层的综合观测研究——实验介绍与近地层微气象特征分析［J］.中国科学技术大学学报,2009,39(1):23-32.［LIU Gang,SUN Jianning,JIANG Weimei,et al.Comprehensive observation research on urban atmospheric boundary layer: Description of field experiment and analysis［J］.Journal of University of Science and Technology of China,2009,39(1):23-32.］
［5］卞林根,程彦杰,王欣,等.北京大气边界层中风和温度廓线的观测研究［J］.应用气象学报,2002,13(增刊):13-25.［BIAN Lingen,CHENG Yanjie,WANG Xin,et al.Observational study of wind and temperature profiles of urban boundary layer in Beijing winter［J］.Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2002,13(Suppl.):13-25.］
［6］李明华,范绍佳,王宝民,等.珠江三角洲秋季大气边界层温度和风廓线观测研究［J］.应用气象学报,2008,19(1):53-60.［LI Minghua,FAN Shaojia,WANG Baomin,et al.Observation study on the temperature and wind profiles over the Pearl River Delta in autumn［J］.Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2008,19(1):53-60.］
［7］王喜全,王自发,郭虎.城市边界层温度廓线及特征的季节变化［J］.科学通报,2009,54(3):468-473.［WANG Xiquan,WANG Zifa,GUO Hu.Seasonal variation of the temperature profile and its characteristics within urban roughness sublayer［J］.Chinese Science Bulletin,2009,54(3):468-473.
［8］何清,杨兴华,刘强,等.乌鲁木齐冬季大气边界层温度和风廓线观测研究［J］.沙漠与绿洲气象,2010,4(1):6-11.［HE Qing,YANG Xinghua,LIU Qiang,et al.The observational study on temperature and wind profiles of boundary layer in winter in Urumqi［J］.Desert and Oasis Meteorology,2010,4(1):6-11.］
［9］刘增强,郑玉萍,李景林,等.乌鲁木齐市低空大气逆温特征分析［J］.干旱区地理,2007,30(3):351-356.［LIU Zengqiang,ZHEN Yuping,LI Jinglin,et al.Temperature inversion characteristics of low-air atmosphere of Urumqi City［J］.Arid Land Geography,2007,30(3):351-356.］
［10］金莉莉,何清,李振杰,等.乌鲁木齐市气象塔梯度观测资料质量控制与处理［J］.气象,2016,42(6):732-742. ［JIN Lili,HE Qing,LI Zhenjie,et al. Quality control method and treatment for Urumqi meteorology tower gradient observation data［J］.Meteorological Monthly,2016,42(6):732-742.］
［11］陆春松.南京冬季雾的边界层结构及生消机制［D］.南京:南京信息工程大学,2008.［LU Chunsong. The boundary layer structures and formation/dissipation mechanism of winter fog in Nanjing［D］.Nanjing: Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,2008.］
［12］JIN L L,LI Z J,HE Q,et al.Observations and simulation of nearsurface wind and its variations with topography in Urumqi,west China［J］.Journal of Meteorological Research,2016,30(6):961-982.
［13］陈鹤,周顺武,熊安元,等.河北省风能详查区风速日变化特征［J］.干旱气象,2011,29(3):343-349.［CHEN He,ZHOU Shunwu,XIONG Anyuan,et al.Analysis on diurnal variation of wind velocity in Hebei Province［J］.Journal of Arid Meteorology,2011,29(3):343-349.］
