在西北内陆河流域，地下水是维系人类生存、生态环境和社会经济发展的重要水源，但这些流域生态环境脆弱。为保护地下水资源和脆弱的生态环境，亟待开展地下水合理开发利用研究。本文在分析格尔木河流域水文地质条件、环境地质问题基础上，采用遥感解译、野外调查和地下水动态监测的方法，界定了地下水的生态功能及阈值，即维系植被生态地下水埋深为0.5~10 m、减轻盐渍化程度的地下水埋深应大于3 m、减轻城市内涝的地下库容应大于3.42×108 m3、维系达布逊湖面积的入湖流量应大于2.82×108 m3·a-1。基于格尔木河流域生态系统服务价值构成，得到减轻城市内涝及减缓盐渍化程度的环境正效益值分别为8 000×104元·km-2和163×104 元·km-2；地下水不合理开发利用导致植被退化、河湖面积萎缩的环境负效益值分别为191元·km-2和1 032元·km-2。本文研究成果可为流域内地下水资源开发利用和生态环境保护科学依据，同时也可为西北其他内陆河流域地下水合理开发利用借鉴。
Groundwater is an important water source for sustaining the survival of mankind, the ecological health and socio-economic development in northwest inland, China. However, the local ecosystem is fragile in those regions. To protect groundwater resources and ecosystem, it needs to study the rational development and utilization of groundwater. Base on the analysis of hydrogeological feature and environmental problems, the paper clarified the groundwater ecological function and its threshold using remote sensing technology, field survey and groundwater monitor approach in Golmud River catchment, Qinghai Province, China. The results showed that the reasonable groundwater depth should be in the range from 0.5 to 10 m for the survival of plants, and lager than 3 m for alleviation of salty soil. To prevent the city from waterlogging, the ground reservoir should larger than 3.42×108m3. And it also needs more than 2.82×108 m3 water volume flowing into the lake per year to maintain Dabuxu Lake area. According to the ecosystem services economic contributions, it found that the profit would be 80 million yuan and 1.63 million yuan per square kilometer for the city waterlogging prevention and salty soil alleviation, respectively. On the contrary, the loss would be 1.91 million yuan per square kilometer and 10.32 million yuan per square kilometer because of vegetation degeneration and lake area shrinkage. The research results provided useful information to support groundwater sustainable use and ecosystem protection for Golmud River catchment. Meanwhile, it can be used as reference for groundwater utilization in other catchments in northern China.
[1] 聂振龙, 张光辉, 申建梅, 等. 西北内陆盆地地下水功能特征及地下水可持续利用[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2012, 26 (1): 63-99.[NIE Zhenlong , ZHANG Guanghui , SHEN Jianmei , et al. Characteristics of groundwater function distribution and its indication for sustainable groundwater resource development in interior basins northwestern China[J]．Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2012, 26(1): 63-99.]<br />
[2] 陈德华, 王贵玲, 陈玺, 等. 西北内陆盆地地下水资源可持续利用战略分析[J]. 南水北调与水利科技, 2009, 7(3): 71-73.[CHEN Dehua , WANG Guiling , CHEN Xi , et al. Strategic analysis of groundwater resources sustainable use in Northwest inland basin[J]. South-t o-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology , 2009, 7(3): 71-73. ]<br />
[3] 李亚民, 郝爱兵, 罗跃初, 等. 西北内流盆地地下水资源开发利用的问题及其对策研究[J]. 资源与产业, 2009, 11(6): 48-54.[LI Yamin , HAO Aibing , LUO Yuechu , et al. Issues and approaches to groundwater resources development in inland basins in Northwest China[J]. Resources＆Industries , 2009, 11(6): 48-54.]<br />
[4] 王璞, 吴卫红, 张爱美, 等. 技术经济学[M]. 北京：机械工业出版社, 2012.[WANG Pu , WU Weihong , ZHANG Aimei , et al. Technological Economics[M]. Beijing: China Machine Press, 2011.]<br />
[5] 杨茂林.关于绿色经济学的几个问题[J].经济问题，2012,（9）:4-14.[YANG Maolin.Some issues in Green Economics[J]. On Economic Problems, 2012, (9): 4-14.]<br />
[6] 余振国, 冯春涛, 郑娟儿, 等. 矿产资源开发环境代价核算与补偿赔偿制度研究[J]. 中国国土资源经济, 2012,25(3)：31-34.[YU Zhenguo, FENG Chuntao, ZHENG Juaner, et al. Research on environment cost accounting and compensation and reparation system of Mineral Resources Exploitation[J]. Natural Resource Economics of China, 2012, 25(3): 31-34.]<br />
[7] 王宇航. 格尔木河流域地下水化学演化规律和水循环模式[D].西安：长安大学, 2014.[WANG Yuhang. Geochemistry Evolution and water cycle patterns of groundwater in Golmud River Basin[D]. Xi’an:Chang’an University, 2014.]<br />
[8] 王文科, 杨泽元, 程东会, 等. 面向生态的干旱半干旱地区区域地下水资源评价的方法体系[J]. 吉林大学学报, 2011, 41(1): 159-167.[WANG Wenke, YANG Zeyuan, CHENG Donghui, et al. Methods of Ecology-oriented groundwater resource assessment in Arid and Semi-arid area[J]. Journal of Jilin University, 2011, 41(1): 159-167.] <br />
[9] 李健, 王辉, 黄勇, 等. 柴达木盆地格尔木河流域生态需水量初步估算探讨[J]. 水文地质工程地质,2008,(1):71-75.[LI Jian , WANG Hui , HUANG Yong , et al. Preliminary estimation on ecological consumption of water of Gelmud River in Chaidamu Basin[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2008,(1):71-75.<br />
[10] 乔木, 周生斌, 卢磊, 等. 新疆渭干河流域土壤盐渍化时空变化及成因分析[J]. 地理科学进展, 2012, 37(1):904-910.[QIAO Mu, ZHOU Shengbin, LU Lei, et al. Causes and spatial-temporal changes of soil salinization in Weigan River Basin, Xinjiang [J]. Progressing in Geography, 2012, 37(1):904-910.<br />
[11] 谢高地，张彩霞，张昌顺, 等. 中国生态系统服务的价值[J]. 资源科学, 2015,3 7(9):1740-1746.[XIE Gaodi，ZHANG Caixia，ZHANG Changsun, et al.The value of ecosystem services in China[J]. Resources Science, 2015,3 7(9):1740-1746.<br />
[12] 李有斌, 王刚. 民勤荒漠绿洲植被的生态服务功能价值化研究[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版), 2006, 42(1): 44-49.[Li Youbin, Wang Gang. Ecological value of vegetation services in Minqin desert Oasis[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University (Natural Science), 2006, 42(1): 44-49.]
