基于遥感和GIS技术，获取2000—2021年中塔公路沿线地区冰川变化与冰川灾害时空分布特征，并利用极差变换法和熵权法开展了冰川灾害暴露度评估。结果表明：（1） 2000年以来，中塔公路沿线地区冰川面积萎缩速率为0.20%·a^-1±0.06%·a^-1，物质平衡为-0.25±0.04 m w.e.·a^-1，1992年以来的冰湖面积扩张速率为0.45%·a^-1，均为帕米尔高原整体水平的数倍。（2） 冰川不稳定性的增强直接导致中塔公路沿线地区冰川灾害风险普遍凸显，其中灾害发生的中高风险区域主要集中在公路西段。（3） 中塔公路沿线地区冰川灾害暴露度宏观格局主要与致灾因子和承灾体分布密度、地形与地质环境复杂程度，以及气候暖湿化趋势的空间差异等因素有关。研究结果初步揭示了中塔公路沿线地区冰川灾害暴露度的宏观格局，可为灾害脆弱性、影响力和情景预测研究等提供参考。

Using remote sensing and GIS methods, this study reconstructs the spatiotemporal patterns of glacier changes and hazards along the China-Tajikistan Pamir highway from 2000 to 2021. We conducted a glacier hazard exposure assessment using both the range transformation and entropy weight methods. The results reveal the following. (1) Since 2000, the glacier area shrinkage rate along the China-Tajikistan Pamir highway has been 0.20%·a^-1±0.06%·a^-1, with a mass balance of -0.25±0.04 m w.e.·a^-1. In addition, the glacial lake area has expanded at a rate of 0.45%·a^-1 since 1992, all of which are several times greater than the overall levels observed in the entire Pamirs. (2) The increasing instability of glaciers has directly contributed to a widespread risk of glacier disasters along the China-Tajikistan Pamir highway, with medium and high-risk areas primarily concentrated in the western section of the highway. (3) The spatial pattern of glacier disaster exposure along the China-Tajikistan Pamir highway is largely influenced by factors such as the distribution density of disaster-causing elements and disaster-bearing bodies, the complexity of the terrain and geological environment, as well as spatial variations in climate change. This study elucidates the overarching pattern of glacier hazard exposure in the areas along the China-Tajikistan Pamir highway, offering valuable insights for research on hazard vulnerability, impact, and prediction.