县域是推进高质量新型城镇化的重要空间载体，也是实现区域协调发展战略的重点和难点区域。基于主体功能区视角，通过建立高质量发展评价指标体系，采用耦合协调度模型和多元线性回归分析等方法，揭示2020年中国5个重点革命老区县域高质量发展空间格局及其影响因素。结果表明：（1） 整体看，高质量发展指数呈现原中央苏区和大别山革命老区领先、川陕革命老区和陕甘宁革命老区次之、左右江革命老区最低的特征，高值区主要集中分布在原中央苏区，低值区多聚集在省界区域和左右江革命老区。（2） 从主体功能区视角分析，各区域高质量发展指数均呈现重点开发区>农产品主产区>重点生态功能区的特征，且主体功能定位与其优势维度显著相关，以创新驱动经济高质量发展，是缩小主体差异的重要路径。（3） 影响因素方面，自然环境因素和经济社会因素共同影响区域发展，3类主体功能区之间尚未形成共性驱动因素，但以人均GDP、人力资本和劳动人口为代表的经济社会因素驱动作用更加显著。研究为促进革命老区不同主体功能区县域高质量发展提供理论与实证支撑，也为促进区域协调发展、构建差异化的革命老区振兴政策提供一定的理论与政策启示。

County areas are important spatial carriers for promoting high-quality new urbanization. They play a critical but challenging role for achieving regional coordinated development strategies. This article is based on the perspective of main functional areas and establishes a high-quality development evaluation index system. Using methods such as the coupling coordination degree model and multiple linear regression analysis, we reveal the spatial pattern and influencing factors of high-quality development in five key old revolutionary areas and counties of China in 2020. The results are as follows: (1) Overall, the high-quality development index shows the lead of the former Central Soviet Area and the Dabie Mountains Old Revolutionary Base Area, followed by the Sichuan and Shaanxi Old Revolutionary Base Area and the Shaanxi, Gansu, and Ningxia Old Revolutionary Base Area, with the lowest values in the Zuoyoujiang Old Revolutionary Base Area. High-value areas are mainly concentrated in the former Central Soviet Area, whereas low-value areas are mostly concentrated in the provincial border areas and the Zuoyoujiang Revolutionary Base Area. (2) From the perspective of the main functional areas, the high-quality development index of each region shows the characteristics of key development zones>agricultural product main production areas>key ecological functional areas, and the positioning of the main functional areas is significantly related to their advantageous dimensions. Innovation-driven high-quality economic development is an important path to narrowing the main differences. (3) From the analysis of influencing factors, natural environmental factors and economic and social factors jointly affect regional development. There is no common driving factor among the three main functional areas, but the driving effects of the economic and social factors represented by per capita GDP, human capital, and labor force are more significant. This research provides theoretical and empirical support for promoting high-quality development of different functional districts and counties in old revolutionary areas and theoretical and policy implications for promoting regional coordinated development and constructing differentiated revitalization policies for old revolutionary areas.