库尔勒地区生态环境敏感脆弱，准确认知该地区的生态环境质量是当地政府科学制定生态环境保护和修复政策的基础。基于遥感生态指数思想，结合研究区生态系统特征，耦合植被覆盖、土壤湿度、地表温度、地表干度、沙漠化程度、盐渍化程度、蒸散发7个生态要素，采用主成分分析法构建了改进型遥感生态指数（Modified remote sensing based ecology index，MRSEI），对1994—2021年库尔勒地区生态环境质量进行评价和成因分析。结果表明：（1）MRSEI可以反映库尔勒地区的生态环境质量。（2）1994—2021年库尔勒地区MRSEI变化范围为0.253~0.346，总体为上升趋势，生态环境质量整体改善；生态环境质量等级以“差”和“较差”为主，二者面积占比为70.96%，整体生态环境质量呈现为“西部相对较差、东部相对较好”。（3）近27 a来，库尔勒地区60.41%面积上生态环境质量基本不变，主要分布在丘陵西部和台地；16.47%的面积上生态环境质量退化，主要分布在平原北部、部分中起伏山地和小起伏山地；23.12%的面积上生态环境质量改善，主要分布在平原和丘陵的东部。（4）气候、社会经济与库尔勒地区生态环境质量关系密切，其中蒸发量对生态环境质量的影响高于其他气候要素，年末总人口是影响该地区生态环境质量的第一社会经济要素。

The ecological environment of the Korla region, Xinjiang, China is highly sensitive and fragile, requiring meticulous attention and sustained efforts for its preservation. Understanding the variations in ecological environment quality in this area is crucial, forming the foundation for effective ecological protection and restoration policies by local authorities. This study employs the innovative concept of the remote sensing ecological index, adapted specifically temperature, land surface dryness, desertification degree, salinization degree, and evapotranspiration—a refined index termed the modified remote sensing ecological index (MRSEI) is developed through principal component analysis. This refined index is applied to conduct a comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the factors influencing the ecological environment quality in the Korla region from 1994 to 2021. The results demonstrate that the MRSEI effectively reflects the ecological environment quality of the Korla region. From 1994 to 2021, the MRSEI ranged from 0.253 to 0.346, showing an overall upward trend and indicating an improvement in ecological environment quality. However, the overall ecological environment quality is primarily categorized as “poor” and “relatively poor”, covering 70.96% of the area. The overall spatial distribution reveals a pattern of “relatively poor” in the western part and “relatively good” in the eastern part. Over the 27-year period, approximately 60.41% of the area exhibited minimal change in ecological environment quality, mainly in the western hilly areas and tablelands. Around 16.47% of the area experienced ecological degradation, particularly in the northern plains and some moderately and slightly undulating mountain areas, while 23.12% of the region showed improvement, primarily in the eastern plains and hilly regions. Climate and socioeconomic factors are closely linked to the ecological environment quality in the Korla region. Among climatic factors, evaporation exerts the most significant impact, while among socioeconomic factors, the year-end total population is the primary driver influencing ecological environment quality.