2021年10月首批启动了第三次新疆科学考察——“昆仑山北坡水资源开发潜力及利用途径科学考察”。结合多源遥感信息和2022—2023年野外科考工作，对昆仑山北坡的水文水资源变化和水资源利用进行了调查研究。结果表明：（1） 1990—2020年，昆仑山北坡山区的气温、降水分别以0.14 ℃·(10a)^-1和6.53 mm·(10a)^-1幅度增加。（2） 冰川变化相对稳定，积雪面积和积雪深度表现为略微增加。（3） 永久性水体和季节性水体面积分别显著增加79.89%和144.49%。（4） 东昆仑-库木库里盆地的阿牙克库木湖和阿其克库勒湖两大湖泊的水域面积分别增加了68.91%和58.22%，盆地内多条河流具备水资源开发潜力。（5） 昆仑山北坡陆地水储量总体呈增加趋势，表现为从西向东增加趋势越加显著。（6） 昆仑山北坡的主要河流和田河、克里雅河和车尔臣河年均径流量2010—2023年较1957—2023年分别增加了20.24%、27.85%和45.17%。（7） 基于不同气候变化情景模拟预测至21世纪中后叶，主要河流径流量将保持上升态势，区域水资源量总体呈增加趋势。昆仑山北坡的水资源禀赋可为区域绿色高质量发展提供有利的水资源保障条件。

The project titled “Scientific Investigation of Water Resources Development Potential and Utilization Pathways on the northern Slope of the Kunlun Mountains” was initiated in October 2021 as part of the initial set of projects for the Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition. This study integrates multi-source remote sensing data and field research conducted from 2022 to 2023 to examine hydrological changes, water resources dynamics, and water resource utilization patterns on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains. The findings reveal the following: (1) A temperature increase of 0.14 ℃·(10a)⁻¹ and precipitation increase of 6.53 mm·(10a)⁻¹ from 1990 to 2020 was observed on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains. (2) Glacier variations have remained relatively stable, with a slight expansion observed in snow cover area and depth. (3) Permanent water bodies have experienced a significant growth rate of 79.89%, while seasonal water bodies have expanded by an impressive margin of 144.49%. (4) Ayakkum Lake and Akikkule Lake, two major lakes within the Kumukuli Basin, witnessed increases in their water areas by approximately 68.91% and 58.22%, respectively, and several rivers within this basin exhibit potential for further development regarding water resources utilization. (5) Terrestrial water storage on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains generally exhibits an increasing trend, particularly more pronounced from west to east. (6) Average annual runoff of Hotan River, Keriya River, and Qarqan River, the main rivers on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains, increased by 20.24%, 27.85%, and 45.17%, respectively, during the period of 2010—2023 when compared with the period of 1957—2023. (7) Based on simulations considering different climate change scenarios, it is predicted that major river runoff will continue to increase throughout the middle-to-later stages of the 21^st century, alongside regional augmentation in available water resources. The conditions of water resources on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains can provide favorable water resources for the green development of the region.