垄沟覆盖集雨模式对玉米根际土壤微生物多样性的影响
收稿日期: 2023-08-16
修回日期: 2023-10-23
网络出版日期: 2024-03-29
基金资助
甘肃省高等学校创新基金项目(2021B-139);甘肃农业大学青年导师基金(GSAU-QDFC-2018-06);甘肃农业大学伏羲青年英才项目(Gaufx-03Y10);水利工程学科干旱灌区节水灌溉与水资源调控创新团队资助
Effects of ridge mulching and rain harvesting patterns on microbial diversity in maize rhizosphere soil
Received date: 2023-08-16
Revised date: 2023-10-23
Online published: 2024-03-29
为明确垄沟覆盖集雨模式对玉米根际土壤微生物群落结构及多样性的影响，选取“登义”2号为试验材料，采用单因素完全随机试验设计，以常规平栽不覆盖为对照（CK），依次设置垄覆普通黑色地膜沟不覆盖（HL）、垄覆液态地膜沟不覆盖（YL）、垄不覆盖沟覆秸秆（NJ）、垄覆液态地膜沟覆秸秆（YJ）、垄覆普通黑色地膜沟覆秸秆（HJ）共计6个处理，利用Illumina高通量测序技术分析土壤微生物群落构成及多样性。结果表明：（1） 垄覆膜沟覆秸秆的集雨模式均有利于玉米增产、提高水分利用效率，其中HJ处理的穗行数、千粒重、产量及水分利用效率均最大，分别较对照CK提高11.22%、31.31%、88.02%、79.83%，且与CK间差异均显著（P<0.05），而垄无覆盖沟覆秸秆的NJ处理的产量及水分利用效率均较CK低。（2） 垄覆地膜各处理均能显著提高微生物群落多样性，且能改变微生物结构，但垄无覆盖沟覆秸秆的NJ处理却不能。（3） 各处理的微生物群落组成在门、纲水平上均受到覆盖集雨模式的影响。土壤微生物群落中主要优势菌门为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）、芽单胞菌门（Gemmatimonadetes）和拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）；主要优势菌纲为γ-变形菌纲（Gammaproteobacteria，占比25.8%）、拟杆菌纲（Bacteroidia，占比8.4%）和α-变形菌纲（Alphaproteobacteria，占比7.7%），且垄沟覆盖有助于提高土壤微生物丰富度、多样性和均匀度指数，即垄沟集雨模式可通过改变土壤微生物门、纲水平的结构及组成，实现玉米增产的效果。
高彦婷 , 张芮 , 董博 , 李青青 , 刘柯含 . 垄沟覆盖集雨模式对玉米根际土壤微生物多样性的影响[J]. 干旱区地理, 2024 , 47(3) : 413 -423 . DOI: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.431
This study used Dengyi No. 2 maize as the experimental material to assess the effects of furrow cover rainfall collection mode on the microbial community structure and diversity of maize rhizosphere soil. A single-factor completely-randomized experimental design was adopted, and conventional plain planting without mulching was used as the control (CK). Soil microbial community composition and diversity were analyzed using Illumina high-flux sequencing technology. Six treatments comprising ridges covered with the following were set: ordinary black mulch (HL), liquid mulch (YL), straw (NJ), liquid mulch (YJ), and ordinary black mulch (HJ). The results showed that: (1) The rain-harvesting mode of ridge and furrow mulching was beneficial in increasing corn yield and water use efficiency. Among the six treatments, the number of rows per ear, 1000-grain weight, yield, and water use efficiency of treated HJ were the highest: 11.22%, 31.31%, 88.02%, and 79.83% higher than that of control CK, respectively. There were significant differences between the NJ treatment and CK (P<0.05); however, the yield and water use efficiency of NJ treatment were lower than those of the CK treatment. (2) Each treatment of ridge and furrow mulching except for NJ significantly increased microbial community diversity and changed the microbial structure. (3) The microbial community composition of each treatment was affected by the precipitation harvesting mode at the phyla and class levels. The main bacterial phyla in the soil microbial community were discovered to be Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Bacteroidetes. The main dominant Bacteroidia were Gammaproteobacteria (25.8%), Bacteroidia (8.4%), and Alphaproteobacteria (7.7%). Therefore, ridge mulching can improve soil microbial richness, diversity, and evenness index. In other words, the corrugation and rain-harvesting modes can change the structure and composition of the soil microbial at the phyla and class levels to increase corn yield.
Key words： furrow cover rainfall collection; maize; soil microbial community; cover
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