明晰长时间尺度上贫困时空动态特征和驱动因素，能为接续推进相对贫困治理和乡村全面振兴提供有益借鉴。基于1986—2020年经济社会面板数据，以农民人均纯收入为表征，考察甘肃省六盘山片区近35 a贫困的时空演变，运用动态空间面板模型解析驱动因素的长短期效应和空间溢出效应差异。结果表明：（1） 甘肃省六盘山片区大部分县区农民人均纯收入增速有提高趋势，这一趋势未来仍会持续。（2） 28个县区收入增速在1994年或2007年存在结构性突变点，这与“八七扶贫攻坚计划”、农村税费改革和城乡基本公共服务均等化、快速城镇化等宏观因素有关。（3） 时间上低收入县区很难跨入高收入县区，空间上热点和冷点区域分布相对稳定，农民人均纯收入存在显著的时空依赖，但程度因空间溢出效应而减轻。（4） 长期和短期来看，经济增长、产业结构和城镇化对本地和相邻县区农民人均纯收入有显著影响，是空间溢出效应的主要来源；仅短期来说，人力资本、种植结构、交通设施对本地和更大空间范围上农民人均纯收入具有显著影响；降雨量具有长期正向影响，意味着西北地区暖湿化趋势是一个重要利好。鉴于时空上贫困的强稳定性和驱动因素作用的差异性，原连片特困地区相对贫困治理需要系统考虑政策措施的时空协调性。

Clarifying the long-term spatiotemporal dynamics of poverty and the related influencing factors can provide important information for the continued promotion of relative poverty and rural revitalization governance. Based on the 35 years of panel data covering the 1986—2020 period, past spatiotemporal poverty dynamics (represented by farmer’s per capita net income) of 46 counties in the Liupan Mountain area of Gansu Province were investigated, and a spatial econometric model was used to explore the related influencing factors. The results showed that: (1) Average annual growth rate of farmers’ per capita net income showed an increasing trend in 70% of the studied counties, and this trend is projected to continue in the future. (2) In 28 counties, the income growth rate experienced significant changes in 1994 and 2007, which may be due to the implementation of the “Seven-Year Priority Poverty Alleviation Program”, reform of rural taxes and administrative charges, equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas, and rapid urbanization in Gansu Province. (3) Farmers’ per capita net income showed a strong spatiotemporal dependence, in which low-income counties showed little upward progress, and the distribution of hot and cold spots remained relatively stable. However, spatial spillover appeared to reduce path dependence. (4) In the short and long terms, per capita gross domestic product, proportion of primary industry, and urbanization rate had positive impacts on the growth of farmers’ per capita net income in local and neighboring counties. Human capital, planting structure, and transportation facilities had a significant short-term impact on farmers’ per capita net income growth locally and at a larger spatial scale, while rainfall had a long-term positive impact on farmers’ per capita net income growth, indicating the increase in temperatures and precipitation in northwest China have had important beneficial effects. The study’s findings on the spatiotemporal stability of poverty and the complex nature of the mechanisms that influence it serve to remind practitioners to consider the systematic coordination of policy measures in time and space.