为了从生态位角度系统研究居住空间的分异状况，基于扩展生态位理论构建了居住生态位评价模型，实证分析了西北内陆中心城市兰州市主城区的居住空间分异。结果表明：（1）居住空间生态位呈现出以中心繁华城区为核心的高生态位，向外围圈层或扇形逐次递减的分布趋势；居住势既反映了区位的集聚和扩散功能，也体现了区位的过滤和排斥功能；居住态的空间分异一定程度上可以反映居住空间的分异状况，也能体现不同社会经济属性群体在空间上形成的相对地位和空间格局。（2）居住势、居住态和居住生态位较好的街道往往占据城市的优势区位且历史文化悠久、基础设施完善、公共服务健全、自然人文环境等都较好，特别是有高等学府、科研院所等单位坐落其中，居民的文化程度和收入水平都相对较高；而居住势、居住态和居住生态位较差的街道往往位于城区边缘，区位条件较差、基础设施落后、公共服务薄弱、地形起伏较大且交通不便、自然人文环境等相对较差，居民大都以农转非、棚改户、低保户等低收入群体为主且文化程度普遍较低。最后，提出了调控城市居住空间分异的政策建议。研究结果在丰富居住空间分异理论和研究案例的同时，对西北内陆中心城市的高质量发展具有重要的参考价值。

In order to systematically study the differentiation of residential space from the perspective of the ecological niche theory, this paper constructs a residential niche evaluation model based on the extended ecological niche theory, and empirically analyzes the differentiation of residential space in the main urban area of Lanzhou City, a central inland city in northwest China. The results show the following key points: (1) The residential space niche shows a high ecological niche in the core downtown area, which gradually decreases toward the outer circle or fan. Residential potential not only reflects the agglomeration and diffusion function of location, but also reflects its filtering and exclusion function. To some extent, the spatial differentiation of residential state can reflect the differentiation of residential space, and it can also reflect the relative positions and spatial patterns of groups with different socio-economic attributes. (2) The streets with better potential, living state and living ecological niche tend to occupy the advantage of urban location, has a long history and culture, improved infrastructure, public services and good natural humanities environment, especially with universities, research institutes and other units located among them, the residents’ cultural level and the income level is relatively high. And the streets of poor potential, living state and living ecological niche are often located in the city edges, where the geographical condition is poor, with poor infrastructure, weak public services, uneven terrain, and inconvenient transportation, the natural humanities environment is relatively poor, the residents mostly in urbanized, shed tranform project households and low-income residents and the low-income groups are generally with low cultural level. Finally, some policy suggestions are put forward to regulate the differentiation of urban residential space. The research results not only enrich residential space differentiation theory and the associated corpus of case studies, but also provide important reference value for the high-quality development of inland central cities in northwest China.