收稿日期: 2023-06-02
修回日期: 2023-06-28
网络出版日期: 2023-08-03
基金资助
国家重点研发计划重点专项课题(2018YFD1100105)
On the new era of earth science
Received date: 2023-06-02
Revised date: 2023-06-28
Online published: 2023-08-03
最近以来，无论在科学界还是政府和民间团体，气候变化都成为热点议题。从人类认识自然的技术工具突破入手，系统介绍了人类活动对自然界的影响日益加剧，特别是工业革命以来工业化推动城市化成为气候变化的主导因素，给自然和人类社会带来巨大的变化，而且因其集聚效应正呈现巨大加速度改变地球，地球的自然和人类社会复杂系统已经处在日益严重的危机和威胁之中。研究表明：气候变化和城市化，一方面带来地球系统、资源-生态-环境、城市发展、公共健康和社会脆弱性等一系列问题；另一方面，也为地球科学学科发展带来新需求，注入新动力，地球科学发展进入人类世的新时代。文章认为：人类世地质年代需要重新定义地球科学。地球科学研究将会从地层为主转向圈层为主，研究对象和领域将从纯粹的地科系统扩展到人与地球复合系统，研究重点从地球资源攫取转向广义宜居星球研究，人类世及其研究、人类圈地理学、冰冻圈科学、水圈-人类圈界面、地球系统动力学、城市化与城市地理学、地球伦理符号学和地球地图集成将成为地球科学发展的新增长点。地理学因其与生俱来的科学、自然和社会一切科学之母的独特特性，将迎来再发展和再繁荣的新机遇，尤其人文地理学可以发挥更加重要的学科作用。
顾朝林 , 苏鹤放 , 顾江 , 高喆 , 陈乐琳 , 郭力 . 论地球科学的新时代[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023 , 46(7) : 1176 -1195 . DOI: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.258
Recently, climate change has become a topic of interest in the scientific community, governmental departments, and civil society. This paper begins with a description of the breakthrough technologies that have transformed nature followed by a systematic introduction of the increasing impact of human activities on nature. Since the Industrial Revolution, industrialization-driven urbanization has emerged as the dominant factor in climate change, considerably changing nature and human society. Due to the accelerating agglomeration effect of urbanization, the earth’s complex socio-ecological system is already in a crisis. We contend that climate change and urbanization, on the one hand, yield a series of negative impacts on the earth system, earth’s resources, ecology, environment, urban development, public health, and social resilience, and on the other hand, place new demands on earth science as a discipline as we enter the new geological era of the Anthropocene, which requires the development and redefinition of earth science. Consequently, earth science research will shift from being stratum based to being sphere based. Its objects and fields will expand from those of the pure earth system to those of the human-earth complex system. Correspondingly, the research focus will shift from the extraction of earth’s resources to the general habitability of the planet and the Anthropocene era, anthroposphere geography, cryosphere science, hydrosphere-anthroposphere interface, earth system dynamics, urbanization and urban geography, geoethics and semiotics, and EarthMAP (earth monitoring, analysis, and prediction) integration. Geography, as the “mother” of all natural and social sciences, will face new opportunities of development and prosperity, while human geography in particular will play a more important disciplinary role.
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