近20 a内蒙古高原城乡开发建设对生态系统生产力的影响
收稿日期: 2022-09-06
修回日期: 2022-10-31
网络出版日期: 2023-07-24
基金资助
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA23100201)
Impacts of urban and rural construction on ecosystem productivity in Inner Mongolia Plateau from 2000 to 2020
Received date: 2022-09-06
Revised date: 2022-10-31
Online published: 2023-07-24
内蒙古高原人类城乡开发建设活动监测及其对区域生态系统生产力影响的科学评估对于建设国家北方生态屏障具有重要的科学实践意义。基于遥感影像、土地利用数据、气象观测资料和其他辅助信息，综合应用动态度分析和邻域替代等方法，评估了2000—2020年内蒙古高原城乡开发建设的空间范围、扩张速度以及对生态系统生产力影响。结果表明：（1） 2020年内蒙古高原城乡开发建设用地面积为18206.49 km2，占土地总面积的1.46%。（2） 2000—2020年城乡建设扩张面积为7462.99 km2，59.76%源于工矿用地的扩张。城乡建设用地扩张主要占用自然和农田生态系统，其中城市用地和农村居民点以占用农田为主，工矿用地以占用草地和荒漠为主。（3） 2000—2020年内蒙古高原由于人类城乡开发建设活动导致的植被净初级生产力（Net primary productivity，NPP）损失达到143.51×104 tC，采矿开发导致的损失最多，占比由2000—2010年的60.72%增加到2010—2020年的73.91%。2010年以来，城乡开发建设占用农田导致的NPP损失有所缓解，然而草地NPP损失在加剧。（4） 毛乌素沙地、呼伦贝尔沙地、浑善达克沙地和科尔沁沙地的生态系统NPP损失主要由采矿开发导致。城镇人口、GDP增加以及相关政策引起城乡建设不断扩张，对生态系统NPP产生一定程度的影响。研究结果对内蒙古高原高质量城乡开发建设和生态文明建设具有重要参考价值。
萨日盖 , 包玉海 , 窦银银 , 董禹麟 , 潘涛 , 匡文慧 . 近20 a内蒙古高原城乡开发建设对生态系统生产力的影响[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023 , 46(6) : 922 -933 . DOI: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.442
The monitoring of human urban and rural construction activities in the Inner Mongolia Plateau, China and the scientific assessment of their impact on regional ecosystem productivity have important scientific and practical significance for the construction of the national northern ecological barrier. Based on satellite images, land use data, meteorological observation data, and auxiliary information, this study assessed the impacts of the expansion and speed of urban and rural construction on the ecosystem productivity in the Inner Mongolia Plateau from 2000 to 2020 using dynamic attitude analysis and neighborhood substitution methods. The results show that: (1) The area of urban and rural construction land (URCL) in 2020 was 18206.49 km2, accounting for 1.46% of the total area of the Inner Mongolia Plateau. (2) In the past 20 years, the area of URCL expansion was 7462.99 km2, of which 59.76% came from the expansion of industrial land. URCL mainly occupied natural and cultivated ecosystems, in which urban land and rural residential land mostly occupied cultivated ecosystems, while industrial land mainly occupied grassland and desert ecosystems. (3) From 2000 to 2020, the total loss of net primary productivity (NPP) caused by human urban and rural construction activities reached 143.51×104 tC in the Inner Mongolia Plateau. Industrial land activity is the main cause of NPP loss of natural ecosystems and increased from 60.72% in 2000—2010 to 73.91% in 2010—2020. Compared to 2000—2010, the NPP loss was alleviated in the cropland ecosystem but intensified in the grassland ecosystem in 2010—2020. (4) The NPP loss of Mu Us Sandy Land, Hulunbuir Sandy Land, Otindag Sandy Land, and Horqin Sandy Land were mainly caused by industrial land expansion. However, due to the impact of urban greening, the NPP of the ecosystem around the city increased slightly. The urban population, gross domestic product (GDP), and related policies led to the continuous expansion of URCL, which has a certain impact on ecosystem NPP. This study has an important reference value for urban and rural construction and ecological civilization construction, and ecological protection in the Inner Mongolia Plateau.
Key words： urban and rural construction; ecosystem; NPP loss; Inner Mongolia Plateau
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